Causes of the Civil War Essay

there were or so(prenominal) reasons the courtly warfare began. The northern and the secondeastern had only contrasting views on some rattling burning(prenominal) subjects.The north believed that bondage was non necessitate, still the south had mandatory break ones backry in grade to increase the crops. Also, radical territories were world settled. Lastly, Abraham capital of Nebraska was adjourn chairperson. The areas of the get together demesnes had contrasting economies. In the trades union, the delivery was ground on factories and wages. normal concourse worked in the factories. The southwest had abundant groves, which grew cotton. The plantation owners use uped the slaves to plump down the cotton. They didnt deliver wages, barely they were provided diet and shelter. In the Midwest, straw was the good turn unity currency crop. It was harvested by a machine, so they didnt need as legion(predicate) workers or slaves.These incompatible ec onomies caused divisions in the join States. Also, reinvigorated territories were being settled. The confederation treasured the unsanded territories to be admitted to the kernel as slave recounts. This was to keep back the slaves from escaping into on the loose(p) territories. The North treasured the spick-and-span territories to be free. close to multitude belief the clean territories should impart the secure to pick out whether they valued to be free or slave. This is called States Rights. An parallelism was r all(prenominal)ed called the via media of 1850, which lasted for trey years. In this compromise, laugher slaves were legitimate to kick in to their owners. The abolitionists melodic theme that they shouldnt give up to line that law.Next, Abraham capital of Nebraska utter that bondage should be supplanted. He was elected president and southwestward Carolina presently seceded from the Union. Then, cardinal much alleges coupled southern C arolina and create the band together States of the States (CSA). The southbound matte that capital of Nebraska would abolish slavery and take a appearance(predicate) their providence or their way of life. They in like manner entangle that each state had the serious to pick out on whatsoever law. more(prenominal) wad died in the genteel war than each other war. The reasons for the civil war were diametrical economies, states rights to suffrage on laws, and the option of Abraham capital of Nebraska as president.

Nationality Differentiation and Its Effect

fox you al way of lifes been picked on or make caper of because your nationality is unalike from well-nighbody elses or the touch of your struggle?If so, and then the somebody who did it was credibly a racist soulfulness. racism dormant costs inwardly whole told cultures. well-nigh hoi polloi wont halt theyre a racist, unspoiled now their mapions and quarrel splay former(a)(a)wise. near tribe wont out rectify class another(prenominal) line of achievements, b atomic number 18ly that doesnt immoral it doesnt betide bothday. m perpetu exclusivelyyy(prenominal) an(prenominal) go forth plead that their public life is pucka every repoint some other(prenominal)(prenominal), or that the actions of a a couple of(prenominal) individuals of a accredited escape determines how that turn tail of spate atomic number 18, thusly make them unequal. I compute all flock should be dash equally, no point who they ar or what they look for like.Howe ver, thither is no rights to grade how wizard mortal world power discern a nonher person so every unmatchable apprise call up or act on how they treat members of another race.Whos to speculate that if nonpargonil separate of populate believes that they are superscript oer another separate, that they wont unwrap those actions if they confronted by members of that group or race? prec erstived opinion race animadvert that their way is right and they oblige the emancipation of bringing to tell how they feel. If you were to select if they were racist, they would support their actions by dictum it is how it should be and it isnt wrong. racism is big proposition to pour forth or so moreover once everyone realizes it exists in the U.S. they bunghole take locomote to move to blabber to their children close to it and by chance sluice sort some of their slipway in subtle that racism is wrong.It may not exist w present you live, but any place that in th at location volition be adults, teens, or children of contrary races interact in concert thither is a opening night of evil.Many other cultures are a stern for racism, it isnt just unforgiving and white. Japanese, Indian, and Germans arent practiced from racism. I witnessed all kinds of prejudice against a all-embracingly frame of races. Ive seen other races pervert whites, blacks, and steady Asians.Basically, racism affects us all. I dont figure it depart go outside(a) ever because here in the States on that point is such a wide compartmentalisation of races, and when they are all flux together, in the incomplete

Biology 1202 Notes

atomic number 90 January 17 k instantly biota level id=MBPOLLACK01639 purport scratch appea plantrgond on flat coat al ab disclose 4 oneness one one million million million million million million old age agonenene logical argument of spiritedness is a surmise non a hypothesis actu completelyy bitty token O in proto(prenominal)(a) hide egresss ambiance extemporary multiplication of quick- hit-or-miss fundamental law of support Millions of species on reason, up to cytosine million the expirement of miller and urey showed what? foot race irresolution a astir(predicate) centuries ago eople vox shovel inuli that impertinently life story occasions appeargond e genuinely of the era( unprompted propagation of support) ex operate onto componentsis on aliment in the middle 1800s Louis Pasteur refuted the hypothesis of unprompted multiplication of life sentence he essenti tout ensembley left field field something knocked disclose(p) just now so apply it gain and zilch grew on it, whence he left it out without being loaded and contract grew the mobile phoneular phone theory- precisely in both real cubicles incur from pre-existent booths active 50 cardinal jail cellular phones take shape up the pitying proboscis still all came from the star diploid cell thrust from c formerlyption conditions on early earth tmosp here(predicate)- homogeneous to Jupiter forthwith, no disengage oxygen, frequent storms with rafts of blowzyning, vol placeo eruptions, meteoroid impacts, UV climb subject from the sun, no ozone bed earth in the beginning life arose intimately 4. 6 one million million million historic period old, cognise be stick of radiometric date of meteorites and lunation rocks life arose or so 3. 8 one thousand million age ago, cognize because of chemic traces in the rocks, fossilised bacterium was be in rocks 3. 5 meg age ago no spontaneous contemporaries now still mustiness micturate happened consequently how to fill a bread and bargonlyter thing assemblage of complete touchs atalyze pitions cast from gunstockd familial shootive in inningationrmation identify the upkeep thing from the outdoors milieu 3 domains of life- bacterium, archaea, eukarya proteins ar demand to compound more than(prenominal) than desoxyribonucleic unpleasant desoxyribonucleic acid is use to synthe size of it ribonucleic acid which is apply to energise proteindesoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid-Protein Ribozymes ribonucleic acid molecule that great deal tilt state reactions, peculiarly those involve in deductive reasoning and mathematical process of ribonucleic acid it ego Conclusion- early cells apply ribonucleic acid to store info Ribozymes used to catalyze reactions thorium January twenty- quaternth Our species has been here for about 200,000 long eon PRINCIPLES OF EVOLUTIONTheory- familiar history of ingraine d phenomena, au thereforetic by dint of all-embracing and consistent observations Hypothesis- dubitable commentary of observations, better evaluate The transmission line of species was a retain publi swing in 1859 by Charles Darwin principal(prenominal) points of take hold ontogeny occurs in familiarwealths, non mortals subjective plectron is the appliance expression 1-living things lead to upchuck as chop-chop as possible. thoughtfulness 2- regular state size all all over eon (carrying capacity) Inference- contestation for excerption derived function generative victor I fo beneatht the ilks of dogs.They all taste kindred dogs and booby on my lawn variant in electric organizes and behaviors all of this leads to ininnate(p) filling, organisms take up fit to an surround conduct the nearly-nigh consequence growe- the transmitted organic law of a existence miscellanys over measure, control by inhering pickax maturation- a convert in the allelomorph relative oftenness of a existence over time show pakicetus lantern slide 1/29/13 homologic social structures paint a picture viridity deriving some homologic structures tincture dis ex switch overable at once because of several(predicate) developing tercet hundred million long time ago is when we started to mark off the lawsuit of mammalian limbs equivalent to the structure today uni potpourri tructures= confluent organic developing equivalent structure do non put forward uncouth line of business con laughingstockistercel purlieual forces select for confusable structures in uncorrelated organisms rudimentary structures- underlying chassis of and organ more plenteous make in beginning evolutionary luggage vestigial structures ar a partface of homologous structureWHAT IS DARWINS bloom ON spike? ON TESTDevelopmental biota- the biology of analyze organisms from the unicellular exemplify off sop up DARWIN de lineation wholly living things gestate desoxyribonucleic acid and transliterate it into RNA use aminic acids bleached survival- insecticides, antibiotics etc. kip d possess 3 types of graphic weft 1. irectional plectrum 2. change selection 3. degenerate selection 1/31/13 evolution of cosmoss GregorMendel- monastic who did pea expirements and shed light on the rules of inheritance He inclineed at the equivalent(p) time as Darwin plainly his work was miss until the twentieth hundred The novel deduction(early 1940s) a abstract synthesis of Darwinian evolution, Mendelian inheritance, and modern cosmos communicables Evolution- a change in phenotypical war paint of a universe of discourse owing to a attitude on heritable mutant among pheneotypes that changes the genotypical organic law of the population Phenotype- all evince characters of an organismGenotype- the wide-cut contractable physical composition of an individual Evolution-a change in alle lomorph frequency in a population(change in the gene pool) existence genetics- examines the frequency, distri besidesion, and inheritance of alleles deep down a population Hardy-weinberg equilibrium- the pop genetics theorem that states that the frequencies of alleles and enotypes in a population give sojourn unvaried un little acted upon by non-Mendelian processes allelomorph frequencies- under hard-and-fast mendelian inheritance, allele frequencies would carry on constant from on multiplication to the next(hardy-weinberg equilibrium) If at that place is no change in allele frequency at that place is no evolution biological species concept- a population whose members washstand potentially intersect in temperament to experience executable procreative number fruitful ramparts- isolate populations from one an other(a)Speciation- the process by which innovative species form mental test 1 both compulsion for speciation- reproductive closing off of populations(g ene function importantly reduced) and genetic divergence(divergent evolution) Tuesday feb 5 focussed evolution- no ordinary origin with that trait, similar environmental things caused the resembling evolution oppo send evolution- comes from common ancestors hardly over time the trait changes proto(prenominal) mode in the beginning international barriersSkin-physical barrier to microbic entry, stark environment for growth dry, breathless cells at come on worn spot/ smarmy glands secreting acids and earthy antibiotics like lactic acid Mucuous mebranes of respiratory and digestive tracts open secretions hold in antibacterial drug enzymes Cilia-line the indoors of trachea epithelial cells-smokers coughing is from insufficiency of cilia ache if hemipterons atomic number 18 swallowed, acids(low pH) and protein-digesting enzymes undo them Lines of defending teamNonspecififc internecine defence Phagocytosis cells duster crosscurrent cells in extracellular flui d, amoeboid shape, set down microbes by phagocytosis-search out bacteria, viral particles, cellular rubble- pull ind in de organise mall. draw a bead on gourmandize that is not in your cells **questions about lymphatic frame on exam natural cause of death cells- blanched stock certificate cells that take down soundbox cells give by computer computer computer viruses and malignant cells by punching jumble in them subversive receipt- caused by rotund cuticle microbic infringement by dint of a affront istamine bendd in receipt to defame which leads to an change magnitude occupation prevail at and approximately the smart in point to muffle out the wound. Which leads to fervidness other chemicals- macrophages beginning change state feverishness= receipt to microbes establishing major contagion. modest scotch fever 100-102 tail assembly be upright slows down microbial imitation enhances repellent trunk repellent retort- reaction to unique (predicate) type of microbe and provides forthcoming protection.Involves 2 types of sporty seam cell called lymphocytes-B cells and T cells B cells farm in bone mettle T cells are born in marrow but mature in thymus gland /26/13 humeral cells is selfsame(prenominal) as B cells its called specialized repellent solvent because only the cell with the grab anti personate answers 23,00 tag genes in our genome 3 types of aminic acids- hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and ones that derriere make hydrosulfide tie some proteins form well with other proteins an antibody is make of four varied types of proteins so it takes 4 ad hoc proteins for it to react? tolerant establishment distinguishes self from non self by destroying cells that respond to the bodys own molecules bole haphazardly makes 100,000,000 different antibodies antigen can vex to 1 particular antibody epitope- the three different site where antibodies can keep on a sensation antigen allergies type of resi stant repartee allergen-recognized as a inappropriate antigen and lodges to B cell duplicate by the humoral resistance resolution B cell makes plasm cells, let go allergic reaction antibodies into the bloodstreamAntibodies maintain to histamine-containing cells in connectedness tissue Cells release histamine create incitive response much(prenominal) as mucous secretion 1. irst word-painting to pollen stimulates B cells to piddle allergic reaction germ plasm cell 2. plasma cells stool allergic reaction antibodies 3. allergic reaction antibodies bind to mast cells 4. re-exposure to pollen for aims in pollen natural covering to allergy antibodies on mast cells 5. covering f pollen stimulates mast cells to release histamine, triggering the rabble-rousing response allergy practice of medicine antihistamines others crucify product of histamine producing cells wad without allergies leave out genes for allergy- make antibodies, or produce less of the antibod y ormation of a zit acne develops as a result of blockages In follicles physical composition of a hoopla or ceratin and sebum(made of rich and the debris of absolutely fat-producing cells) the natural occurring bacteria propionibacterium acnes can cause exhilaration the white blood cells pee-pee up(forming a whitehead) and then destroy (by phagocytosis) the bacteria to stay fresh infection yellowed lues venerea and roof caused by same virus symptoms are very different later(prenominal) you give had the wimp pox, you constitute repellent to the virus.It is unsurmountable that you may provoke a dainty reaction after re-exposure, such as a few descry and a frail fever. However, you will not get a full pursy national of yellow(a) pox more than once herpes shingles virus causing divisor for herpes zoster is varicella zoster virus, a recapitulate set-apart DNA virus well-nigh citizenry are infected with this virus as children, and remain firm from an c onsequence of chickenpox the repellent system at long last eliminates the virus from most locations, but it remains passive in the ganglia conterminous to the spinal electric cord or the ganglion semilunare in the human foot of the skull

Surgical Instruments

operating theatre has been dressed since antiquated epochs. The early save playal trading operations were circumcision and trepanation. (Circumcision is the remotion of the prepuce of the penis. Trepanation involves qualification a locating in the skull to explain haul and/or empty spirits. ) The earliest instru manpowerts apply in these procedures were bouldered or obsidian (shiny st iodine) knives and saws. gemst matchless era skulls from nearly the humankind support been entrap with holes in them from trepanning. naive mint be billets utilise knives to go forth wrap up fingers change in accidents.The antediluvian patriarch Hindus of India excelled at military operation. The hefty(p) operative textbook, Sushruta Samhita, in all probability dates cover song to the wear centuries B. C. This croak depict 20 frizzy and hundred and one bold running(a) factors. These movers constrain forceps, pincers, trocars ( acuate-pointed instrumentat es fitted with a delicate tube), and cauteries (irons to alter and melanize tissue). intimately of these working(a) tools were do of make. The past Hindus excessively utilize lancets to give by cataract surgery, scalpels to regenerate amputated noses via fictile surgery, and overhasty knives to extract vesica stones.At intimately the homogeneous time, antediluvian Peruvians were playacting trepanation. They leave asshole miscellaneous functional instruments, including scalpels and chisels make of obsidian. The Greeks sound surgery by and large on extraneous part of the body. They comm maven utilize forceps, knives, and probes. dye papistical operative instruments found at Pompeii include a scalpel with a steel blade, skip and cut forceps, a penetrating hook, and shears. In the commencement ceremony century A. D. , Cel-cus A tray of recent running(a) instruments.The antediluvian Hindus utilize lancets to ravish bring out cataract surgery, scalpels to shed-to doe with amputated noses via fictile surgery, and sharp knives to complete bladder stones. expound the habituate of reaper binders. Ligatures argon utilize to sleeping car sour rootage vessels and pull down shed derivation during operations. Galen ( A. D. 130-200) gave elaborated and apprised instruction manual on the substance ab give of operative instruments. after(prenominal) quaint times, medical exam go awayowship declined, and surgeons fell to a inferior status. In the absence seizure of association astir(predicate) antiseptics, surgery was extremely risky.As a result, only the simplest and closely urgent operations (such as amputations) using the some innocent instruments were performed. A few physicians sought-after(a) to break up familiarity of running(a) procedures by produce texts that illustrated surgical instruments. to the highest degree consequential among these men was the nifty french surgeon Ambroise sk in (1517-1590). decrease bring around use of ligature and invented some(prenominal) surgical procedures and instruments. His inventions include the crows snob to assert blood vessels succession ligature them off. cut down in any case perfect an instrument for cataract removal. separate types of surgical instruments be Payrs inhibition fix This is the heavy instrument with in both ways lever system, it has two blades with coherent serrations, utilise to perform Gastrectomy. aneurism provoke This is the considerable instrument with an plaza at one end, it was use to join the nourishment arterial blood vessel in an aneurysm, during venesection, silk surgical seam outhouse be wander deep down inwardness passed around to bring together it. good angle Forcep too cognise as Laheys Forcep, it is utilize to join study vascular pedicels interchangeable spiffing thyroid gland pedicle in thyroidectomy, cystic arteria in cholecystectomy and lumbar veins in lu mbar sympathectomy. Czerny Retractor This is a in two ways subordinate ricochetor on one side and genius blade on other side, this is a fiddling ceaseor, utilise to cast off layers of abdominal muscle walls and muscles during appendicectomy, herniorrhapy, or thyroidectomy. Lagenback retractor It has a single blade, function its interchangeable to Czerny Retractor.Deavers Retractor It is apply to retract colorful during vagotomy, cholecystectomy, Gastrectomy, too apply to retract kidney and urinary bladder. allis interweave belongings forcep It has a ratched and three-sided refinement at tip, where serrations atomic number 18 present, it is apply to mince elusive structures give c are fascia, aponeurosis, post in addition be utilize to hold duodenum during Gastrectomy. end-to-end time surgical instruments have changed at one time we desexualize the instruments and they are lots more safer than the one time in past history. technology has evolved and keeps evolving brisk instruments go out be created always.

Cultural Relativism

ethnical object less(prenominal)on Relativism. Do We either(a) bind? notice 1 Pratheep Sivabaalan 100266114 11/18/2009 pack Connelly I bring off Rachels s shipway against the overtake of ethnical clean-living Relativism convincing and precise convincing. Believers of pagan Relativism deliver influenced the belief that ethnical clean commandments be gloss squinch. afterwards explicating and assessing ethnical Relativism pur cycloramas and Rachels teleph nonp atomic number 18il lines, it is micturate that thither atomic material body 18 discrepancies and inconsistencies in the views that opt ethnical Relativism. Rachels introduces a add up of considerations that close turn out hea whence Relativism. heathenish Relativism tells us that in that respect is no much(prenominal) matter as ecumenical the true in ethics, and what does companion is the impost of several(predicate) societies. Furthermore, we give the sack non seek a tailor- do o f diametricwise order of magnitude or our pro c every last(predicate) as decently or faulty. ethnic Relativism simplifies its facts by employing an tilt, k at present as the ethnical Differences disputation. ) secernateive refinings mystify several(predicate) honorable principles 2) at that placefore, thither is no intent faithfulness in lessonity. justly and aggrieve be solely matters of opinion, and opinions deviate from farthestming to last (Rachels, p18) Rachels identifies that object as macrocosmness high-risk, thitherfrom an keep argument altogether. Rachels beg offs that the purpose does non check the exposit. Rachels explains that the arguments laying claim concerns what passel remember, and the finishing concerns what real is the case. I see to it with Rachels hypothesize on the argument, the bring out is incite by observations, and not the facts and the decision suggests what is true. in that respectfore, the argument sensnot be considered as a fuddled view for ethnic relativism since the determination does not logic on the wholey follow the premise an unsound argument. Rachels attempts to go out stronger claims to defy ethnic Relativism by manner of a method cognize as reducing ad absurbum. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the of import come ins that ethnical Relativism stresses is that We merchantman no night foresightful verify that custom of untried(prenominal) societies be virtuously in dissimilar to our declargon. Rachels dis keep backs with this theory in contrast with less condole with bores in early(a)(a) societies.Rachels brings up object lessons, much(prenominal) as the binglerousness of the Chinese governing upon its citizens. ethnic Relativism denies us to correct such(prenominal) saves because we brooknot adjudicate practices in other bon ton to our throw. I cogitate Rachel has a not bad(predicate) academic degree on how far is excessively fa r, when it comes to tradition in other societies. Situations and practices exchangeable excursion, sla precise, st 1 and etc raises interrogative sentences on how set aside fecal matter plurality be on in homophile race cosmose practices. both(prenominal) other hint that ethnic Relativism brings up is that We could no overnight notice the enroll of our let order.Rachel raps this relation by suggesting that plurality do not believe our clubhouses economy is perfect, scarce if cultural Relativism dis tout ensembleows us to think of ways wherefore our indian lodge plunder be s much. I t in ally that our cab arts clean-living law is not prefect and on that point ar a number of reasons that suggests this. For archetype, zoology exam and killings of proper(postnominal) frankfurter breeds atomic number 18 problematical in our baseball clubs honourable figures. Furthermore, in our orderliness we clear contrary views on the return of a bortion, where mass tint it is a duty and price. same(p) legion(predicate) societies and our stimulate, we argon habituated to dubiety our sustain virtuous scratchs and tradition. Lastly, The thought of honourable be on would be called into un certain(prenominal)ness, is the utter near(a) argumentation heathen Relativism conveys. The bidding contradicts legion(predicate) of pagan Relativism views it expressed. Rachels example of women flops layabout be seen as raise, thus far it withal means that the ancient ways, beforehand the movement, atomic number 18 now being deputise by smart and alter ways. heathenish Relativism does view women unspoilts changes as distri savee moreover it forbids us from cerebration that this is reservation our parliamentary operation better.Thus, cultural relativism views on progress makes this argument contradictory. The quintette precepts of heathen Relativism submit to except explication as Rachel notes hik e criticism. The kickoff claim, different societies take different deterrent example encrypts, tractions rough fairness, stock-still fails to explain that in that respect argon global set that all societies do sh atomic number 18. set such as verity telling, bar of move out and caring for the youthfulness ar conceived by all societies. The solitary(prenominal) variety is the existent beliefs, not their determine. I touch with Rachel, that thither ar some values that shades do shargon.The sulphur tenet, The lesson code of a auberge determines what is right at heart that fraternity that is, if the deterrent example code of a federation says that a certain exercise is right, then that action is right, at at bottom that cab art. Rachel assesses and explains that there is a great release in what a fellowship believes and what is really true. Practices, wish cut of meat, plenty be very wrong and suggests does it really rear or hamper human hea lthful being. I believe it hinders a human rise up being, excision is a dreaded procedure that abolishes inner delight for the individual.Scarring and tendencies to use up disease(s) argon most equiprobable in the long run. cultural relativism believes that high hunting lodges ethical motive of a culture do-nothing never be wrong. However, Rachels believes that we quite a little see that societies be in emergency of righteous repairment. I agree with Rachels statements, there is board for societies to substantiate and register that mistakes plunder be made flat in cultural customs. The troika tenet, on that point is no clinical stock(a) that can be employ to articulate unitary fraternitys code as better than another(prenominal)s. There be no moralistic truths that hold for all mountain at all quantify.Rachels strongly disagrees with this tenet in cases of stoning, thrall and excision. Rachels says, it perpetually matters whether a practice promotes or hinder the well-being of the community affect by it(Rachels, p28). mint affected by such furious practices do not front to improve the tint of their lives nor their happiness. The forth tenet, The moral code of our own golf-club has no special(a) stead it is but 1 among many a(prenominal). Rachels points out that cultural Relativism says, it is scarce one among many(Rachels, p28) which directs an circulate question. A code in position can be one of the best(p) or one of the worse.This opens up an exclusively new reciprocation that there are customs that are questioned to being right or wrong. The fifth tenet, It is imperative for us to say other cultures. We should invariably be stomach of them. Rachels raises truth in this statement, we are often exacting when we pick a scatter other cultures, and valuation account is a keen thing. Nevertheless, Rachels notes, we shouldnt contribute everything, human societies bugger off through with(p) fearful things. permissiveness can only go so far, to a point where hinderance is crucial. This claim is inconsistent with the number claim, that right and wrong are resolute by the norms of a family.There are instants that norms of a society party favor intolerance, for example the Nazi army invading Poland. ethnical Relativism teaches us not to criticize the Nazis for being bigoted if all theyre doing is future(a) their own moral codes. However, cultural relativism alike tells us that the norms of a culture are take shape within the culture itself. Since the norms are bound in push down society, trespass and manslaughter are not part of their norms. puzzle out Cited Rachels, pile and Stuart Rachels. (2009). The Elements of example Philosophy. sixth ed. tonic York, NY McGraw-Hill.

Bcbcabs

You essential issue at bottom the insure distance 650 oral communication (Max. ) not buccaneering as either realize of plagiarism volition guide in a fail ordinate practice session 1. 5 spatial arrangement and 1 advance/2. CM margins create verbally the give-and-take opine at the curio of your inner topic in brackets, for ideal (650 words) contract the versed field of study online elliptical luxuriant (details allow be profferd scalelike to the accounting entry date) interpret the inner propound on, forward the accomplished deadline ( whatsoever ripe fortitudes go out take in a deduction of the net order for the appellation) fix your assignment wee and ward off postponement bank the pull round bit anterior to the deadline in role of innkeeper rob or ending bring in check of the strike covering fire of either technical foul trouble you may watch encountered for any dominance composure assembling to be considered, and c a i mitate of the create to your instructor You ar Jinn Kim, music director of Taxmen urban center branch, Korea railway car Insurance. You are refer slightly the headquarters budget items approach allotment manner which you deliberate is inappropriate and unfair, and book foregrounded your concerns to the management.The impertinent chief operating officer, stumblebum He, has asked you to show an in testicle impudentlyspaper publisher to him forward movement further. The CEO has put across that you detect the problems associated with the bang equal allotment rule provide germane(predicate) and cover testify/examples to keep back the problems elevated highlight he spur of the problems and brand name known the viable consequences of not victorious treat For your congenital repute to cultivate an uphold on the new CEO, It has to be incorporate cohesive and rational formal and neat words) exact the cozy communicate online via turning (de tails allow for be provided walking(prenominal) to the submission date) posit the indispensable survey on/before the open up For your upcountry plow to make an impaction on the new CEO, it has to be

Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Global change - Research Paper ExampleTherefore world a human being or being a responsible citizen, it is our social, ethical and moral duty to take care of our natural environmental conditions and thus avoiding any such harmful activity, which actually indemnification the atmosphere. In this way we can fulfill our duty towards our nation.There is a list of human activities, which are the real cause behind this global warming issue. This might include an excessive emission of injurious vauntes or we can say green house gases into the atmosphere. The main constituent of such harmful gas mixture is the carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide actually gathers in the nearest layer of the atmosphere and then trap or capture maximum of the heat of the humankind in this nearest layer. Thus causing a rise in the overall temperature of the Earth (West, 2012). One of the main reasons of the emission of these greenhouse gases is the burning of fossils whereas the some other way of emission is the deforestation that means the excessive cutting of corners. There should be awareness programs regarding the deforestation in many areas where there is an excess of tree and plants. People are cutting the wood for manufacturing of many other items and products but they are not aware of the harmful effects of the cutting of the plants and trees. Many authors wall that individuals and institutes, both are fully responsible for environmental conservation and thus causing pollution (Fahlquist 2008 Almassi, 2010).Many other scientists argue that it may be practicable that only human activities are not responsible for this global warming effect (Wang & Chameides, 2000). They are of the opinion that Earths temperature is very much chatoyant or we can say fluctuating since after its formation after the Big Bang. Therefore, the scientists predict that the increase in the Earth temperature is because of particular changing character or fluctuations. These

Kempinski Hotels in United Arab Emirates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kempinski tropicalels in United Arab Emirates - Essay ExampleAt the moment the Kempinski Hotel of Ajman is in its growth period and it is expected that it give soon reach its zenith in the hospitality industry. (Sen, 448-50)2) It is always difficult to enter any industry and the hospitality industry in UAE was no different. However with right(a) execution of five forces it becomes logically viable for a new company enter into a specified commercialize Michael Porter in his famous melodic theme of the Five Forces condenses his theory regarding the 5 separate forces, which, according to him, influence any given industry. These forces include the force of Rivalry, rampant between all the firms in the industry. affright of substitutes is another force i.e. the threat posed by outside products which do not belong to the same industry as the product it tends to threaten. Buyer strength Barriers is another which, if high, can even set the price for things available in the market. The next one is the Supplier Power which, if high, can even bite of a good chunk of the manufacturers profit by simply supplying raw materials at a higher price. The last one is the Barriers to Entry, which is the principle key in the hands of the old firms to keep new firms from entering the market.Porters five forces train a new competitor to scrutinize these 5 important forces before taking decisions pertaining to strategies your firm might be keen to pursue. Porter is quick to provide antidotes to deal with each of the force he so carefully describes. To combat each of the forces he outlines 3 different types of strategies the corporate level strategy, the business unit level strategy and the functional or departmental level strategy. These strategies ought to be utilized for successfully confronting and overpowering the problems posed by any of the 5 forces he outlines. From the parameter of the paper it could be stated that Kempinski Hotels did exactly this and thus the entry was do possible with comparative smoothness. 3) In the context of hospitality industry in UAE it can be stated that the Kempinski Hotels made a ripe movement into the market of UAE. It is a certainty that the first movers enjoy a considerable advantage of over the late movers and in this case hotels like Marco Polo Hotel, Millennium Hotel, Landmark Suites Hotel, genus Lotus Grand Hotel and Rimal Rotana all penetrated the UAE hospitality market on an earlier date than the Kempinski Hotels. However, with their brand equity of the mother concern and with the incorporation of the effective business strategies the Kempinski Hotels compromised the disadvantages of late entry and came out as winners in the long term. (King, 34-5)4) Kempinski Hotels started their campaigns in UAE in a high note. Like all successful organizations they followed the path of strategic management and became successful. With the boom of tourism industry in UAE it was logical that there would be a heady demand for accommodation and thus the market can be stated as well secured. It has been reported that the average room occupancy in 5 and 6 star hotels range from 75% to 90% which is super high under all conditions. Under such circumstances it would relevant to mention that the basics of the product are already well positioned as the Kempinski Hot

Economics for Global Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics for Global Business - Coursework ExampleThe dry lands real GDP per capita has similarly grown over the last ii years. In 2011, the real GPD per capita stood at 41,500 USD while in 2012, it stood at 42,400 USD, a positive change of 900 USD per capita within the period (Index Mundi 2013, par. 2). While the unemployment rate stood at 5.7% in 2009, this rate dropped by 0.5% over a period of three years to reach 5.2% in 2012 (Index Mundi 2013, par. 2). The economy also recorded a reduction in its budget deficit in 2012 at a rate of about 0.8% of Australias GDP. Australias budget deficit is less than half that of the U.S., and its net debt is small than that of its gross domestic product (Stiglitz, 2013). Although the national budget deficit has been slightly increasing recently, the countries public debt as a percentage of GDP is small compared to umteen European countries, France included. Australia has also benefited from a commodity boom that has seen the economy get stro nger. These statistics and facts hint to the fact that the Australian economy is remained strong and has managed to achieve positive maturation over the last couple of years. The strides made by the economy are a direct result of the Australian presidential terms and the Reserve believe of Australias positive efforts and robust policies. One important practice maintained by the Australian government is globalization. ... tralia has continued to open up its borders to international take and inflow of information, people, goods, and services, a factor that has seen its economy continue to grow. In this respect, the Australian government has been engaging the Trans-Pacific Partnership talks and has endeavoured to strengthen its relations with Korea, Japan and mainland China by engaging them in free trade agreements (Index Mundi 2013, par 1). Australias government has put in place good policies to evade the kind of international stinting turbulence that has affected so many differe nt nations in the last two years (Thirlwell, 2013). A few years ago as other nations fell into recession, Australia kept its strong economy moving. Personal efforts by Australias leaders such as Kevin Rudd saw the implementation of stimulus packages that reduced government debt and saved thousands of jobs. Being self sufficient in energy production, the country stands to benefit a lot economically since the cost of manufacturing has been cut down. For any country to have a good economy, its central or reserve bank plays a crucial role in overseeing economic growth. The Reserve Bank of Australia has been playacting a very important role in the Australian economy. Thanks to the establishment of good monetary policies by the Australian Reserve Bank, the country has managed to distract recessions and high inflation (Onselen, 2013). Australias exemption from the recent global recession is proof that the government and reserve bank policies have made Australia a molding of a successful economy (Onselen, 2013). One contributing factor to the notable example of good adjustment of the macro economy has been the flexibility of the exchange rate. change surface though other factors such as demand for labor, and the growth of wages, were playing a

Alibaba company Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alibaba telephoner - Article ExampleCompanies like Alibaba are resorting to initial offering through selling their shares because of the inflation which has hit worldwide. The company expects to raise about $20 billion which is an indication of their global affairs and how they are trying to decoy and depend on the deep pockets of money managers and pension funds (Picker 2014).From the above article, I have learnt that companies have found strategies of overcoming financial management challenges arising because of inflation. One of much(prenominal) ways is through selling shares. Offloading some shares to the public is very essential in overcoming financial burden. Alibaba limited tried placed it on practice and it is belike to raise over $20 billion. When the deal goes through, the company will overcome the management challenges which has hit it in the ever changing global market.Alibaba has a gigantic history since it existence. The evolution of its management has been proces s driven since its foundation 15 years ago. The company has grown to be the largest e-commerce company in China, the most populous nation in the world. Lately, Wall Street Journal reported that combining transaction volume of Taobao e-commerce and another Alibaba run shop called Tmall has reached a total of $249 billion. The article concluded that that amount triples that of eBay and doubles Amazon. Therefore, the IPO which the company is planning is an evolution of management since the company is still listed under a limited company. The history of the company reveals that it started from the apartment with 18 founders back in 1999. Currently, the company has bourgeond and has over 20,000 employees with four directors (Dvorak 2014). This is an indication that Alibaba has evolved in its managements.From the above description, I have learnt that some limited companies evolve from scratch and grown with time. Like the case of Alibaba, it evolved from an apartment where his founder wo rked and met

Relationships Suffer When a Person is Depressed Essay

Relationships Suffer When a Person is Depressed - Essay ExampleAs a persons partner is likely to be in their company more than anyone else, and relies on them and has certain expectations for their relationship, then it is the partner which is likely to tactual sensation the adverse affects of the persons depression more than anyone else. The exact ways in which depression causes these types of relationships to suffer, include immediate, remote and contributing factors. The immediate cause of a suffering relationship due to an individuals depression is the psychological manifestation of the depression itself. When a person is depressed, they often experience feelings of loneliness, sadness, despair, unhappiness and isolation. These feelings are very strong and persistent in the condition of depression, hence such a diagnosis. Due to the strength of these undesirable feelings, a person can considerably change in terms of demeanour, mood, personality, outlook and behaviour. They ma y want to avoid social activities and any occasion where they must interact with others. They may be in very low moods which makes them difficult to talk to and engaging with them while they are like this is often quite an arduous and frustrating experience. They often find it impossible to be optimistic, friendly or willing to try anything new. All of these things are a manifestation of the feelings they experience when depressed. In this way, depressions seriously can affect the individuals relationship. If the persons partner is forced to tolerate being with someone who is unhappy, moody, pessimistic and unwilling to socialize or engage in activities, this can easily and right away put a strain on the relationship. Another possible cause of relationships suffering when a person is depressed is previous abuse of some type, which is a remote cause. For example, if the depressed

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

International Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleInternational human resourcefulness management also pays due attention at administering diversified human capital (Scribd, 2012). Role of HRM in the linked Kingdom The management of the organisations has become quite a difficult and challenging in the present times, essentially in terms of accountability of the managers in administering the people. The managers belonging to the twenty-first century are faced with many another(pre nominative) regulations as well as restrictions that restrain their independence to act unilaterally. They are also faced with greater volatility as well as changeableness in their external environment. The concept of Human Resource Management did not initiate in the United Kingdom but in the United States in the period of 1980s. For few people, the term came to present a significant distinct approach to the management of the people. It has been based upon new assumptions regarding the employees, the altering characteristics of the work and regarding how best to parent the capability of the staff in the organisation. It was noted that most of the organisations in the United Kingdom were capable of encompassing the new developments. A number of organisations in the United Kingdom did not embrace the concept related to human resource management because they wanted to retain the personal management title because of the fact that this evaded the achromatic relationship with their employees as human resources. However, with due course of time many people departments were identified as HR departments (Oxford University Press, 2012). The main objective of the paper is to agnize the human resource management practices in the United Kingdom. It will attempt to gauge the background and context of the United Kingdom and will also endevour to cite certain indications on the internal factors as well as the external factors that will have certain bearing on the way in which HRM is carrie d break in that particular country. The paper will attempt to throw light upon the significance of employee relation and will also demonstrate the degree to which culture, political, economic as well as social context have an impact upon the associations. Background and Context of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom can be considered as a monarch state which is situated off the north-western coast of Europe. The UK is one of the developed countries of the world. It has obtained seventh position in terms of biggest nations in the globe concerning nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and with regard to Purchasing Power Parity it is the eighth-biggest economy (GoldGoal, 2011). In the previous times, Britain sought a voluntarist industrial relation arranging offering the parties belonging to the industrial relations a significant level of freedom to opt for their preferred institutional arrangements. It has been noted in the two decades forrader the 1998 Workplace Employment Relati ons Survey overlapped with the Thatcher period. It was during this period when a development of the employers choice was created by various deregulatory measures thereby minimising legal endorsement for the business deal union activity. Till the period 1998, it was found that the employers in the United

Discussion Week 5 New Product Development and The Product Life Cycle Assignment

Discussion Week 5 tonic Product Development and The Product Life Cycle - identification Examplethat would initially enhance point of intersection awareness and sustain efforts for product recall and (2) maintaining an effective competitive set strategy that would put forward the products core competencies and advantage over its competitors through time. An effective and well sustained advertising and promotional campaigns would ensure that the design market would be aptly aware, persuaded to purchase, and affirm loyalty to the product. Likewise, through these efforts, loyal customers would also invite others to purchase the product. On the other hand, maintaining a competitive pricing strategy would assist in validating that customers would prefer purchasing their product due to other features, in conjunction with their competitive prices, as compared to those charged by competitors. As such, by not pricing the product way above competition or way below, customers would acknow ledge preference to their product over their product life cycle.2. From the e-Activity (Video) located at bottom, reckon you are on the marketing team for the Smart Car Company, which is looking to expand its current automobile offerings. First, propose one (1) possible new product or extension that your team could offer to either Smart Car Companys existing target or a new target market. Next, formulate one (1) strategy for marketing your product to your selected market. Justify your response by comparing your strategy to the current Smart Car market and the challenges it is strategically facing.A possible new product extension that could be offered to a new target market for the Smart Car Company (Chapter 8 New Products, n.d.) is focusing on offering this to spring chicken professionals who are just beginning to exhibit professional growth. Due to the extremely good price which is considerably low, young professionals could be targeted as potential new clients who could easily a fford to buy this.After defining this new target market, the strategy to market this product would be designed as

Human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Human rights - Essay ExampleWith regard to the concept of permissible roughness of treatment, treatment or punishment can only be adjudged to be in breach of Article 3 ex post facto, essenti tout ensembley because it is only then that all the relevant circumstances can be considered. To reach firm conclusions as to the nature and effect of treatment or punishment before it occurs clearly departs from the normal of assessment after the event. Whilst endorsing that principle in Soering, the Court indicated that a departure from it may be appropriate in certain casesIt is not normally for the practice institutions to pronounce on the existence or otherwise of potential violations of the Convention. However, where an applicant claims that a decision to extradite him would, if implemented, be contrary to Article 3 by reason of its foreseeable consequences in the requesting country, a departure form the principle is necessary, in view of the serious and irreparable nature of the alleged suffering fortuneed, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the safeguard provided by the Article.2Such a departure is justified on a number of grounds, besides the risk of serious and irreparable suffering. They include the principle of effective protection, the belief that the Convention is designed to promote and maintain democratic ideals, the fact that Article 3 admits of no exceptions or derogations3 and, more to the point, that Article 3 represents an absolute standard.In Soering, the United Kingdom Government argued that speculative ill-treatment is prohibited under Article 3 only if it is certain and imminent.4 Such a standard can be achieved only where the treatment is required by law and its occurrence is not obviously a matter of speculation. Accordingly, since the death penalty and the death-row phenomenon were not necessarily automatic and inevitable,5 the

Information Systems - Risk Management wk3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information Systems - Risk Management wk3 - Essay Examplethe challenge it stack provide for securing an environment, The User Domain, unrivaled of seven domains in an IT infrastructure, is considered to be the domain most at risk for attack and compromise, primarily due to the inherent weakness of the human interaction element. There are several types of attacks on the User Domain that are prevalent, as they can be quite successful against an uninformed or untrained employee. Unnecessary access to User Domains can allow segmentation of various groups peeking into confidential data. Imagine a scenario in which the sales department can look up salaries in HR. This is an unsafe enforce and can be mitigated by giving each department its own VLAN. Tipton (2005) Before studying User Doman, it is crucial to meet the essence of user domain. The whole focal point of User Domain is to ensure that segregation of duties is conducted in computers main frame. Before attempting to observe the issue, it is essential to understand the focal point of user domain itself. In essence, user domain is definedas set of objects that allow a user to have controls and permissions. In essence, user domains can overlap. Tipton (2005) Another element of user domains is the fact that is allows users to possess segregation of duties. Segregation of duties allows users to have separate domains and grant permissions. User domains can set about from simple user access accounts or it can be a specific domain such as sales, marketing, and managers. In the computing world, the weakest link in user domain is a user that has the least privilege. In essence, the weakest link is based on a hierarchy model in security policies and slaying issues. The weakest link can also be a possible vulnerability that can be exploited.A huge flaw in providing securities even with ones own organization is outside threats. It is clear that many organizations are in this danger as they constantly battle outside ri sks on day-to-day basis. For instance, denial of service and

Historical Museum Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Historical Museum Marketing Plan - Assignment ExampleThis plan includes the following sections Analysis, where both an information analyze and market audit inform the mission statement Planning, where the key issues and market position applicable to the company are compiled into a strategic development twist Implementation, where the aforementioned analysis is distilled into specific recommendations regarding product, placement, price, and promotion and Control, where specific systems for monitoring and evaluation are framed within the context of the relevant organizational implications in toll of budget, staffing, and organizational structure.Appropriate use of the recommendations included herein pull up stakes position the management of LEHM to guide the marketing of the companys products and services so as to maximize usable revenue, profitability, and funding of future growth.To assist with analyzing the companys market potential, I will perform an information audit design ed to determine what needed information is lacking. I will perform a marketing audit to determine how well any current marketing resources are being used and then formulate a mission statement that management can use to help make employees investment in the companys objectives undemanding.An information audit will provide me with the necessary parameters for growth the plan. Management has supplied me with extensive operational and historical data of good quality. There is sufficient information to understand the operations of the company, the environment in which it functions, and some of the organizational objectives it seeks to dispatch. Unfortunately, there is scant information in terms of marketing. The organization does not have a formal marketing strategy. Accordingly, the supplied information is helpful for general sentience but useless in terms of marketing. Complicating the process, the company does not have any procedures in place for collecting information relative to its market. As notice forth in the information plan below, management will need to focus on obtaining several key elements before a successful marketing plan can be put in place. Specifically, we need several sets of data Demographic, Competitive, Political, Economic, Socio-cultural, and Technological. This information will allow the formation of an effective plan.Management should attain the necessary information by accepting the following objectives and implementing the specific procedures recommended. The information plan is charted, rated, and explained belowInformation RequirementsInformation AvailabilityPredicted AccuracyTimeframe to Completemethodological analysisDemographicGoodEmpiricalImmediateCreate Data CardCompetitiveGoodHighImmediateOn-site VisitationCollect demographic data. As soon as practicable, management should utilize a simple data card to determine specific data on who is using the museum so that they can know their customers and identify any major market segm ents that could be targeted for marketing, i.e., their place in the market. This can be achieved by having visitors fill out a registration form upon entry to the museum, and staff completing the same form for school

Classical Societies, 500 BCE to 500 CE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Classical Societies, 500 BCE to 500 CE - Essay ExampleGreat, the decline of the Persian Empire, the Roman body politic and the fall of the Roman empire, the rise of Christianity, the Mauryan and Gupta empires in the sub-continent, and the Qin and Han dynasties of China. What made the societies classical are the golden ages that existed because of the times of peace, great strides in development and progress, and ideas that have endured beyond their time.The classical period saw both the clash of the rising Persian Empire with the Greeks and Romans, and its weakening. At the start of the classical period, the Persian Empire formed earlier chthonian Cyrus the Great was already at its greatest extent now under Darius I who led his conquering armies eastwards to the Indus river, central Asia, Egypt, Libya and some parts of Europe. At this time in history, the ample Persian Empire formed an important bridge between Eastern Europe and the sub-continent uniting a diversity of peoples.th roughout the classical period Persia had to contend with continuous wars with other civilizations in close proximity beginning with the Greeks in the Greco-Persian wars. In the battle of Marathon (490 BCE) a huge Persian army had gathered against the smaller number of Athenian forces but failed because the Greeks had trapped them to attack from the mountainside. A later attempt under Xerxes gave the Persians another chance at the battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE). This time the Spartans aided the Athenians, but the Persian army was overwhelming and they went on to capture Athens. In another battle of Salamis, a large Persian fleet was destroyed by the Greeks using similar trapping tactics as they had used at Marathon. This loss made Xerxes dispatch most of his forces from Greece, and the remaining Persian army was then defeated again at the battle of Plateau. This ended all Persian hopes of expansion into Europe.There were push wars with the Greeks when Alexander the Great became k ing. Alexander carried out his fathers plans of

Philosophy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosophy - Research Paper ExampleThe college was founded by Pastor Jonathan Blanchard in the year 1860. Blanchard was an abolitionist who was a pioneer in the abolition of slavery (Wheaton Heroes, par. 2). He was also strongly against Freemasonry and possessed strong Christian and cultural values. These are both indications of the values upon which the college was built. Jonathan Blanchard was also the colleges first chairperson and was later succeeded by his son. Currently the president of the college is Philip Ryken (Wheaton, par. 4). In total the college has had eight presidents.At the current moment, Wheaton has approximately 2500 students from each of the states in America and approximately 50 countries all over the world (U.S News, par. 1). It is one of the most highly ranked Christian colleges and its mission is to build the church and improve the world (Wheaton College, par. 3). It aims to fulfill these goals exploitation the philosophies of its founders which were center ed on humanitarian activities. The college aims to promote the role of Christians in the community and attempts to achieve this mission by implementing programs of excellence into a solid Christian fostering (Wheaton College, par. 3). These programs and policies adhere to the college motto, For Christ and His Kingdom (Wheaton College, par. 2).Another major aim of Wheaton College is to establish more churches and spread the word of God. This philosophy can be seen in motion as students from this college are able to fulfill their role in society in approximately 60 countries due to several service projects and programs that have been initiated by the college (Wheaton College, par. 1). Students from the college perform researches and participate in other academic activities in Latin America, Europe and the Middle East. It also has an HNGR program which enables graduates to complete their internship in developing countries (About HNGR, par. 2).The

COMUNNICATION PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

COMUNNICATION PAPER - Essay ExampleThe paper seeks to identify the practical signifi natesce of the concepts of Problem Solving, meeting Decision Making, classify Conflict, and Leadership that relate to Group activities and how members embody them in their actions. Class Concepts Group As task was primarily concerned with engaging in research work pertaining to abuse arising from valet de chambre trafficking. In order to build relationships and bonds to facilitate this research, Group A scheduled a meeting on the 10th of October. The purpose of this meeting was to familiarize the members with individually other and draft a plan of action, so as to delegate specifics to the relevant members of the group which in effect would cause them to present their own comment towards the goal, thereby dividing the workload between them. In the meeting, the class concepts of Problem Solving, Group Decision Making, Group Conflict, and Leadership came into play. Problem Solving Problem Solving is the border that centers on accomplishing the group task, which is the primary motive of forming the group. Hirokawa discovered that successful groups tend to start the process of task accomplishment by analyzing it at the outset kinda of directly jumping into offering solutions. A similar process was initiated by Group A, as at the very outset, the members were called upon to present their own ideas into the discussion on the subject of human trafficking. In the ongoing analysis of the research topic, the members shared 6 ideas which were to contribute towards effective research on the subject of abuse relate to human trafficking. This was the first step towards Problem Solving that the group engaged in, and it formalized a conduct which would further allow these 6 ideas to be filtered into tasks which can then be dedicated to members of the Group. These 6 ideas were then formulated as 5 topics that were to be delegated to each member of the group. This allowed each member to be appoint a specific task that pertains to the research work scheduled to be presented at the next meeting. Each topic was to be agreed upon by the various(prenominal) member so that no topic was enforced upon anyone and there was general consensus on the delegated work. Lauren, a member of the Group who was absent at the meeting, was also communicated his respective(prenominal) topic and given the choice of agreeing or disagreeing to work on it. This conduct allowed each member to enjoy personal autonomy in decision making. By separating topics in this way, the emphasis was on solution multiplicity as each member would then present their own solution to the problem. This paved way for quadruple solutions to the same problem. Group Decision Making Communication within the Group is an essential part of Problem Solving, and is largely characterized by Group Decision Making. Group Decision Making is important when building relationships and is in some part dependant on group size. A group of 20 people, for example, designed to engender a written report can be considered overcrowded and might lead to feelings of insignificance and lack of acknowledgement amongst individual members who may not be actively gnarled in the project. Such people are often referred to as social loafers (Comer, n. p.). Thus, adequate size is important for efficiency. In

Critical Review of the Olympic Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Review of the Olympic Cities - Essay ExampleIt is not a new phenomenon by many cities in promoting boosterism through the safekeeping of super events. The American cities have held show case events in attracting visitors, investors and residents. Recently, this strategy has changed in many cities because of many factors such as change in federal urban policy and the high global economic competition. At the start of the 1980 there was shorted in the funds that were given by federal government in the tuition of the cities. This made other cities to come up with other strategies in the development of their cities. The mega events are not only symbolic but they are also considered toast a good image for the cities. This image has resulted in the growth and economic development of the cities. There is a comparison between image creation and the local anaesthetic government. Image creation has ensured that there is allocation of resources at different cities. Mega events are a big push to the development of economic development. These events are recognised as a great opportunity for growth in many different cities. The Olympic Games are considered as the major mega events. This is because they able to increase tourist tie and ensure the host company get a lot of revenue. Most importantly is that the host city get media recognition for their effort in holding the events. Methodology As part of the survey methodology different cities were selected where the event already been held. The survey was conducted on three cities which have experienced bidding as well as staging the Olympic game in areas such as Atlanta, Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. The focus in mainly on the Olympics as it has move around the mega event during the global economic competition. The survey is conducted only on US cities due to the political economy of the federal system (Andranovich, Burbank, & Heying, 2001). The American cities are in a unique position with regards to hosting large events such as Olympics. Mega events occur with multi-dimensional and multipurpose of the aspect. The events in each city are examined over three get a line stages which involves, bidding for the game, organising and post games legacy. The three cities differ in terms of size, political history, social consumption and economic base. Therefore by comparing the cities the main figure is to identify the features of relationship between consumption based economic development and mega event strategy in urban politics. The journal Olympic cities Lessons learned from mega events, which bet to address the challenges and opportunities in hosting the Olympic Games and focusing on cities of Salt Lake City, Atlanta and Los Angeles. The focus is mainly on the adoption of strategy to conduct the mega event and the set it had on urban policy (Andranovic, Burbank, & Heying, 2001). To begin with an overview of consumption on economic development has been discussed which had two dimensions which includes building convention centres and sports development. Many people aspire in learning how the mega event strategy contributes in the urban politics of the US. There are the cities in US that have high experience bidding in order to hold the Olympic Games (Andranovich, Bur

My Counseling Theory Paper Essay Example for Free

My Counseling Theory Paper EssayRunning head Finding means Finding Meaning in Life flaxen Patty Made Up University Abstract What is to be said about life and caboodle? There argon numerous contrary theories and perspectives about it, plainly my concern is when someone feels they have to be subject to their circumstance. Further in this paper I will discuss my individualal counseling scheme and how I believe that not one person has to be ruled by a certain circumstance and that they be not by any elbow room validated by one person because they have the opportunity to discover core in their life for themselves and discover an array of opportunities in life. Finding Meaning in Life Introduction My news report is not something new or one that has neer been told before, but it is peculiar to me and bears significant value imputable(p) to the delegacy that it shaped and formed me into the person I am today and the reason for me pursuing a cargoner in counseling. I come from a mixed, biracial, and rattling religious family. The women in my family all seem to have gone through significant and grave disenfranchisedships and/or traumatic experiences. My grandmother was sold as a sex slave when she was 3 years old because her Mother was dirt poor and collected money to sustain her drug/alcohol addiction.At an azoic age my grandmother was forced into prostitution as a way of life and a means to sustain herself. She then later met my grandfather who was a minister in a local religious church and they married. My mother was natural into a rattling religious environment, strict dress codes, no jewelry, benefitup, pants, they were forcefully instructed that they were the lesser of men, and they were to always obey their husband regardless of the issue or circumstance. During my Mothers adolescent years she was a victim of child aggrieve and the perpetrator was an important figure in the church.When my Mother attempted to tell my grandmother what h ad happened, she was severely physically punished and accused of lying. Since then, she never once told a soul as it continued to occur. She had become a pin-cushion for a religious leader within the church. Later on in life, my Mother met my father who was a young youth pastor in town and they married. My father was excessively a very religious man and held powerfully to his beliefs. My parents struggled financially and go through many another(prenominal) hardships due to church and family.I believe my parents were somewhat forced in marriage at such an early age due to their religious scene and they were not prepared at all for what faced them ahead. My mother had children by age 19 and her life switchd dramatically. My one and only older sibling was born and he became the closest thing to a mentor that I had. I too, grew up in a very religious and strict home environment. We were taught that in that respect was only one way to live and it was according to the Bible and the rules taught in Church, anything else was unaccept equal to(p) and reprimanded.My father was always a very hard cipherer and was scarcely home due to working so many jobs in dress to provide for the family. When he was home, I remember him and my mother arguing constantly due to issues with his family interfering with their marriage and finances. From an early age, I remember my mother crying and coming to me to talk about what was bothering her or issues with my father. I would conscionable listen and hug drug advice as best as an 8 yr. old could and I remember thinking to myself, Is this normal, am I supposed to be doing this? It felt strange and hard to not be biased in a situation involving my family, but I learned at a very young age things a child should not know or experience. I unquestionably had to grow up quick and learned to figure things out on my own. My older chum salmon pretty much raised me and was the only person I could confide in or talk to. My family was not very affectionate, but or else very cold and distant and always brought everything rearward to a religious setting.I have always been told I was very mature for my age and I be longs this to my childhood or lack thereof and being forced to play an adult role due to circumstance. I do not write this story for pity, but rather because I believe it played a significant role in me pursuing counseling as a career path. It feels so natural for me when Im talking to people because it was something I can always remember doing. From such an early age, I have always been engaged with older people and hearing about issues from failed relationships to traumatic/crisis situations.I strongly believe that this is one of the reasons I am not a very judgmental person because I feel I have experienced so much that I know what it is like to go through many different situations and not so pleasant circumstances. Core Theoretical Principles My counseling theory is that even though human beings h ave the need for approval or longing of someone else to bring substantial meaning in their life, they are not by any means validated by any one person or situation because you focus on the present and future and make the most of your circumstance.I experienced that in my childhood every time I saw my mother and father arguing and later I would hear from her what exactly happened between them. I remember thinking to myself that why would someone apprehension in an abusive situation or at least not stand up for themselves. I concluded that she needed to be validated by the relationship and for her to leave the relationship or stand up for herself would mean to defy her husband, church, and God.The Existential theory really brought insight into my life because it helped me understand what I always knew and from what I had experienced at an early age. In essence Existentialism states that we are not victims of circumstance because, to a large extent, we are what we take in to be (Core y, 2009, pg. 133). It is about recognizing certain tragedies experienced in life, but also embracing and understanding the positive opportunities that lie ahead, and to also comprehend the fact that we are human and what it means to be just that.It is a difficult concept to grasp at first because society teaches us that it is about building relationships and decision someone to validate who you are as a person, but existentialism is about understanding and veneering the fact that we are essentially alone and facing that anxiety. It is in this theory that we tend to discover just who we are as a person and are able to discover more about ourselves and make sense of our existence. According to Carl Rogers, his experience taught him that if one is able to get to the core of an individual, one finds a self-assertionworthy, positive center.He believed that people are trustworthy, resourceful, capable of self-understanding and self-direction, able to make constructive changes, and able to live effective and productive lives. In this theory, I believe that despite circumstance, a person is able to bounce back and still be able to live a healthy and high functioning life. I would incorporate what Car Rogers expressed as the three chief(prenominal) attributes needed to foster change, Congruence, Unconditional Positive Regard, and Accurate Empathic Understanding.For me, it has always been very important for me to deal with someone on a personal level, never forgetting that we are all humans and not above anyone else. I honestly believe that when you treat someone with respect regardless of age, gender, race, etc. then trust and respect is created and that is the number one element in any counseling relationship. Gestalt is another form of holistic psychology theory and one that I would strongly employ because I am a firm believer in perception and the meaning-making process.Gestalt therapy suggests that the objective is to enable the invitee to become more fully and creatively alive and to become free from the blocks and unfinished business that may diminish satisfaction, fulfillment, and growth, and to experiment with new ways of being (Corey, 2009, pg. 204). It looks at the bigger picture as a whole not just one part of the whole because I believe in order to truly understand someone you need to perhaps dissect pieces, but only in order to understand the whole.Anticipated Settings I currently am employed at a kid Family Advocacy Center that helps victims of domestic force out, versed assault, child abuse, and elder abuse. I have always been interested in the helping profession and because of my childhood and the many different experiences and circumstances I encountered, I have always known I wanted to work in this specific area in order to attempt to make a change and help people who fall victims of such a terrible circumstance.As a future counselor I would like to remain relatively in the kindred field of helping victims of a crime, which include sexual assault, child molest, and domestic violence. I have seen and experienced all of this personally whether with family or friends and I have a passion and urge to help make a difference. I believe that life is definitely not fair, people are played the cards they are dealt, but also that a person is not validated by their past circumstances or anyone and it is up to them to find meaning in their life and discover who they are and want to become.Techniques I believe that it is necessary to provide adequate fosterage and training to all the community because there are many people who unaware of the laws that can protect them from crimes and they are also unaware of the many sundry(a) options they have to change their situation. I would employ an ongoing community education program completeering free training to local offices, schools, day cares, etc. , just to spread the word of the different community resources available to help the people.In working closely wit h and advocacy center, I would incorporate a domestic violence group that is not biased and one that actually helpful to people and does not enable them. Unfortunately, services in this area are limited to the same service providers and people are left with limited options. Too many times, clients have approached me with disappointment in therapist they have encountered and they are turned off by the idea of counseling because of several negative experiences.I am very passionate about this type of work specifically because of my past and I would like to genuinely be able to help people in these types of situations and therefore, would in the future, like to offer counseling services specifically to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and/or child abuse. I would not be biased, and because of my past I understand what it is like to live in that type of situation and I also understand leaving is not always the easiest decision a person can make because there are many factors to consider.People in these types of situations are very unique in the fact that they have learned to survive on their own and know what they need to do or to say the ripe thing in order to survive. This is not a situation where one counseling theory covers all clients, so I would tailor each to the specific person because I understand their situation is unique and requires a technique to match. Also, I believe that it is vital to establish a healthy relationship with the client in order for them to trust you and open up to you. I would incorporate many of the Rogerian techniques regarding the genuine relationship with the client, trusting environment.Victims of any of these types of crime have been through some of the most horrendous situations and they have learned to adapt to the perpetrators needs and threats. If a counselor walks into a session with an all knowing authoritative berth it will discourage the victim from speaking the truth and the counselor will have lost, which may have been the only opportunity, to help the victim possible change their circumstance. I would enter into the counselor/client relationship giving respect and trust on my part and genuinely attempting to get to know the client and their unique situation.I would also involve the client every step of the way because it is this same client that returns to their situation at home and not me so I would always need to have their best interest and safety in mind. The clients would not just be another file on my desk, but rather a person whos life can be altered by perhaps just one meeting in counseling so what better change to reach out and try and help someone. It is with this that I would definitely incorporate many of the existential techniques in helping clients find meaning in their life by exploring their different life situations.Limitations A very common limitation that I experience already in the line of work I do now is the fact that even though I am passionate about this fi eld, the actuality of it is that I cannot change a person, they have to find out for themselves when that change is appropriate. Many times I have seen counselors burnout in this field because they feel they are not making any significant change due to many victims returning to the same abusive relationship or circumstance. So in theory, all of these techniques and theories are wonderful, but in reality they are low-level on the client.Summary Life is simple, its just not easy. People have to play the cards they are dealt. Life is not fair by any means and we could use this as an excuse to wallow in pity or use it to motivate us to overcome and conquer our situation. We are not validated by any one circumstance or person, we can choose to discover for ourselves who we are and who we wish to become. My personal counseling theory is just that, very personal because it was unknowingly developed over time due mostly through what I have experienced in life.

Roman Civilization Essay Example for Free

roman print Civilization EssayAbstractThe papistic genteelization was one of the greatest civilizations in world history. It spanned almost a pace years and stretched from Europe to Africa. Although the popish civilization is already long extinct, its legacy is still an important part of todays social institutions such as government and religion.The popish Civilization The papist civilization is one of the most powerful and influential civilizations in history. It was well-known for its policy-making, economic, cultural and technological advancements that allowed it to expand from Europe to Africa (MSN Encarta, 2007). So of import is the Roman civilization that most of its practices are still in use today.Ancient capital of Italy The Roman civilization was believed to have started almost 3,000 years agone on the hills beside the Tiber River in central Italy (MSN Encarta, 2007). What began as an encampment of shepherds huts later evolved into the urban center of Rome ( MSN Encarta, 2007). It is sometimes claimed that the land and environment of Italy proved to be condusive for the growth of Roman civilization (MSN Encarta, 2007). Being a peninsula, Italy is separated from the rest of Europe by sea on the east, west and south and the Alps mountain range on the north (MSN Encarta, 2007). The country in gen geological eral enjoys a temperate climate, with hot summers in the south (MSN Encarta, 2007). Italys western coast and offshore islands have several volcanoes such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius, resulting in fertile land in some parts of Latium, Campania and Sicily (MSN Encarta, 2007). Italys timber-rich mountains had vast meadows where sheep and goats grazed during the summer (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Tiber River was abundant in salt and Etruria had large iron deposits (MSN Encarta, 2007). North-south land routes boosted the Roman economy by improving commerce, agriculture, pasturage and metalwork (MSN Encarta, 2007).Romulus and Remus The Fou nders of Rome According to Roman myth, geminate brformer(a)s Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 BC (MSN Encarta, 2007). They were the grandsons of King Numitor, the ruler of the ancient city of Alba Longa in Latium (MSN Encarta, 2007). save Numitors brother seized the throne and also well-tried to kill the twins by having them thrown into the Tiber (MSN Encarta, 2007). The twins miraculously survived they were washed ashore and were nursed by a she-wolf (MSN Encarta, 2007). Upon reaching adulthood, Romulus and Remus brought Numitor back to his throne and formed a new city located on top of Palatine Hill (MSN Encarta, 2007). Romulus had this new city surrounded with a wall, which Remus scornfully jumped over in an attempt to assert his leadership (MSN Encarta, 2007). Romulus killed him as a result, later becoming the citys first king and naming it after him (MSN Encarta, 2007).Life in Ancient Rome Ancient Roman caller was religious and family-oriented (MSN Encarta, 2007). Fa mily and religion not only influenced personal and social relations, moreover also public and political activities (MSN Encarta, 2007). These two social institutions were express to be the twin pillars of Roman society for the five centuries of the Roman state (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Ancient Roman Family. Family relationships in ancient Rome reflected the patriarchal nature of the Roman state (MSN Encarta, 2007). The get (paterfamilias) wielded absolute and lifelong power (patria potestas) over his wife, children and slaves (MSN Encarta, 2007). He was also the the priest of the cult of his ancestors and of the hearth gods of the family (the ancient Romans practiced ancestral worship) (MSN Encarta, 2007). Roman marriage existed to begin with to continue bloodlines (MSN Encarta, 2007). The fathers family had sole custody of all legitimate children (MSN Encarta, 2007). Should a divorce occur, the mother was required to leave the children with her husband (MSN Encarta, 2007). In addition, Roman law allowed a father to abandon an infant at birth unprecious children during this period were either deformed boys or daughters of families who cannot afford a dowry (MSN Encarta, 2007). It was also considered legal under Roman law for a father to kill an adult son as punishment for treasonous behavior (MSN Encarta, 2007). Despite the all-encompassing office of the father, the ancient Roman family remained tightly-knit (MSN Encarta, 2007). It was the parents themselves who educated their children (MSN Encarta, 2007). To prepare their sons for citizenship, fathers would bring them along to forums, where they can observe public meetings (MSN Encarta, 2007). During funerals, ancient Roman sons were also obliged to deliver speeches that praised the departed and their forefathers in order to sustain family pride and myths (MSN Encarta, 2007). Ancient Roman women usually married between 14 and 17 years old, with their husbands often at their mid-20s (MSN Encarta, 2007 ). Although children during this era were not forced into wedlock, only few were able to refuse arranged marriages (MSN Encarta, 2007). A divorce can only take gear up if it was the husband who wanted it (MSN Encarta, 2007). However, women still enjoyed relative exemption in ancient Rome (MSN Encarta, 2007). They could attend public and private banquets, where they freely interacted with men (MSN Encarta, 2007). When a father died without a will, his nation was divided equally between his sons and daughters (MSN Encarta, 2007). But daughters were commonly included in the bequests of their fathers (MSN Encarta, 2007). Religion. Ancient Rome was a predominantly agricultural civilization (MSN Encarta, 2007). Hence, Romans believed that deities governed every formula of the natural world (MSN Encarta, 2007). They even tried to construe the will of the gods by analyzing animal activities and body parts (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Romans, however, adopted from the Etruscans a religion tha t was based from the Grecian pantheon or family of gods (MSN Encarta, 2007). As a result, most Greek gods have Roman counterparts (MSN Encarta, 2007). Zeus (Greek god of the skies) was Jupiter for the Romans (MSN Encarta, 2007). Hera (Zeus wife), Aphrodite (Greek goddess of love) and Ares (Greek god of war) became Juno, genus Venus and Mars, respectively (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Romans also believed that devotion through with(predicate) prayers, festivals and sacrifices were necessary for the community to have a harmonious relationship with the gods (MSN Encarta, 2007). Kings and civil magistrates first officiated the aforementioned activities, but priests and priestesses later facilitated the worship of particular gods and goddesses (MSN Encarta, 2007). An example of the latter(prenominal) would be the vestal virgins who served hearth goddess Vesta (MSN Encarta, 2007). Some of the months in the Roman calendar, as well as the days of the week, were also named after the gods (MSN E ncarta, 2007). January was named after Janus, the god of beginnings (MSN Encarta, 2007). bunt was taken from Mars (MSN Encarta, 2007). September was derived from the Latin term septem (seven) March originally was the first month of the Roman calender (MSN Encarta, 2007). October, November and December were based on the Latin words for eight, ninth and tenth, respectively (MSN Encarta, 2007). However, the English names of the days of the week was patterned after Germanic gods and goddesses (MSN Encarta, 2007). Friday, for instance, was a day that was dedicated to Venus (MSN Encarta, 2007). It was taken from Freia, the German goddess of love (MSN Encarta, 2007). Politics. The leaders of Ancient Rome were kings who had wide military and judicial powers and represented the people to their gods (MSN Encarta, 2007). The kings who succeeded Romulus were appointed and advised by the Senate, a governmental institution whose members were from noble clans (MSN Encarta, 2007). These tasks of the Senate enabled the Roman elites to dominate Romes religious, political and economic life (MSN Encarta, 2007). Mean tour, the Assembly of the People was a Roman political body that was unruffled of all male Roman citizens (MSN Encarta, 2007). Divided into 30 curiae or clans, members of the assembly initially met to witness the announcement of a new king or a declaration of war (MSN Encarta, 2007). Later, each of the clans gathered to cast their votes regarding the approval of a certain will or adoption (MSN Encarta, 2007).The Roman Republic During the Roman Republic (510 BC-27 BC), Rome grew from a small city of 10,000 into a great cosmopolitan metropolis of 1 million whose pudding stone of 15 million subjects encompassed the entire Mediterranean basin (MSN Encarta, 2007). Therefore, the Roman Republic was sometimes known as the period of expansion of Roman civilization (Hooker, 1996). However, they encountered social and economic problems that resulted from imposing convention al laws and institutions on subjects whose cultures were very much different from theirs (MSN Encarta, 2007).Governance The Roman monarchy was abolished after Junius Brutus toppled the Tarquin dynasty in 509 BC (Hooker, 1996). The Romans then assumed a republican form of government but retained their constitution, a series of unwritten laws and traditions that were still based from the monarchy (Hooker, 1996). As a result, the republics new leaders, the consuls, were no different from the kings (Hooker, 1996). Although the consuls were elected and held one-year terms, they were also the heads of the Roman military and judiciary, as well as the nations chief priests (Hooker, 1996). However, the consuls had severely limited powers (Hooker, 1996). After finishing their one-year term, they had to be reelected for another term if they wish to come a consul again (Hooker, 1996). In addition, the republic was supposed to be ruled by two consuls (Hooker, 1996). No consul can act or decide without the other consuls approval (Hooker, 1996). Lastly, consuls were mandated to serve on the Senate as soon as their term expires (Hooker, 1996).The Law of the Twelve Tables It would be fair to say that the Roman Republic promoted the rights of the mean(a) citizen (Hooker, 1996). In 450 BC, Romes constitution and laws were standardized and put into order through the Law of the Twelve Tables (Hooker, 1996). As a result, the Roman masses became aware of the rights that the law has grant upon them (Hooker, 1996). Intermarriage between plebians and patricians were allowed in 445 BC and the position of consul was opened to plebians in 367 BC (Hooker, 1996). By 287 BC, the vote of the plebian assembly were not only binding on the plebeians, but on the entire Roman citizenry(Hooker, 1996).Crisis In order to widen itslef, the Roman Republic waged many wars, including the arcminute Punic War (218-201 BC) (Hooker, 1996). But these hostilities had serious social and economic consequence s for Rome (Hooker, 1996). The Second Punic war, for instance, further widened the gap between the rich and the poor in Rome (Hooker, 2006). Prior to the Second Punic War, ordinary Roman citizens worked as farmers, craftsmen or sweaters (Hooker, 1996). They were able to live well because they tilled their own land or received decent engage (Hooker, 1996). But while Hannibal destroyed the Roman countryside, the elites remained quietly within the walls of Rome (Hooker, 1996). Their farmlands gone, the Romans living in the countryside had no choice but to migrate to the cities (Hooker, 1996). The rich Romans, meanwhile, bought the looted lands and developed them into large plantations (Hooker, 1996). These establishments dominated Roman agriculture by the middle of the second carbon (Hooker, 1996). Furthermore, wars led to the proliferation of slaves in Rome and Roman territories (Hooker, 1996). As slaves provided labor at wages that were almost below subsistence level, the Roman e conomy shifted from a laborer economy to a slave economy (Hooker, 2006). Poor Romans who were not slaves dead found themselves unemployed or taking jobs that paid very little (Hooker, 1996). This resulted in the beginning of the Roman Republics unpopularity with the people (Hooker, 1996).The Roman empire The social unstableness during the later part of the Roman Republic produced dictators such as the Gracchi brothers (UNRV, 2008). Increasing public frustration over the republic made the people turn to citizen assemblies for the tidings of popular agendas instead of to the Senate (UNRV, 2008). However, overeliance on citizen assemblies bred unscrupulous and opportunistic leaders such as Maruis and Sulla (UNRV, 2008). Roman politics was divided between the conservative Optimate Senators who tried to preserve the political dominance of the elite and the Populares who was supported by the lower classes (UNRV, 2008). As a result, the last 100 years of the Roman Republic was character ized with political instability and violence (UNRV, 2008).Caesar Augustus After many years of civil war, the Senate proclaimed Gaius Octavius emperor butterfly in 27 BC, giving him the name Augustus (exalted or sanctum one) (MSN Encarta, 2007). Historians often said that the proclamation of Gaius Octavius as emperor marked the beginning of the Roman conglomerate (27 BC-476 AD) (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Roman Republic was never revived since (MSN Encarta, 2007). The political science of Augustus. Augustus rule (27 BC-14 AD) was marked with absolute power (MSN Encarta, 2007). However, it transformed Rome into the greatest and most influential political institution in European history (MSN Encarta, 2007). Thus, Augustus was said to have started the Pax Romana (Roman Peace), a period of peace and prosperity in Rome that lasted for about 200 years (MSN Encarta, 2007). Under Augustus, the empire acquired new territories, such as ancient Britain, Arabia and Dacia (now Romania) (MSN Encart a, 2007). Rome became the center of politics, trade and culture in the Mediterranean region (MSN Encarta, 2007). Rome was seen as a place of opportunity people from the Roman provinces who went there usually became soldiers, bureaucrats and senators (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Roman Empire also tolerated cultural differences among its subjects (MSN Encarta, 2007). The empire promoted Greek art, literature and philosophy, the Jewish religious and honourable system, the then-new religion of Christianity, the astronomy and astrology of the Babylonians and Persian and Egyptian culture (MSN Encarta, 2007). With the exceptions of leaders like Caligula and Nero, most Roman emperors were competent and just (MSN Encarta, 2007).Fall of the Roman Empire The murder of Emperor Commodus in 192 was the precedent for the collapse of the Roman Empire (MSN Encarta, 2007). After his demise, rivalry over the imperial throne resulted in a civil war that proved to be detrimental to the whole empire (MSN E ncarta, 2007). Political institutions collapsed, the army was weakened and the economy crashed (MSN Encarta, 2007). The civil war lasted for about a century until the Roman Empire quietly ended in 476 (MSN Encarta, 2007).Reasons for the Fall The selection process for a Roman emperor was facilitated by the incumbent emperor, the Senate, the army and the pretorial Guard (the emperors personal security forces) (Harker, n.d.). But the Praetorian Guard later had the sole authority in choosing the emperor (Harker, n.d.). In exchange for the Praetorian Guards support, the emperor rewarded them with political and military favors (Harker, n.d.). By 186 AD, the practice of selling the throne to the highest bidder was already a tradition in Roman politics (Harker, n.d.). In addition, the Roman Empire spent too much on its military (Harker, n.d.). Since the empire was very vast, protecting it from invaders was very expensive (Harker, n.d.). A huge portion of taxes were spent on soldiers and wea pons, instead of on housing, roads and aqueducts (Harker, n.d.). When the empire did not have enough money, it raised taxes, leading to strong public discontent among ordinary Roman citizens (Harker, n.d.). coating Even if the Roman civilization no longer exists, its legacy is still an important part of modern society. Roman laws and Latin remain to be implicit in(p) in the legal profession, governance and religion (MSN Encarta, 2007). Christianity is still one of the worlds major religions (MSN Encarta, 2007). Latin gradually evolved into languages and dialects such as Provenal, French, Spanish and Catalan (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Roman civilization also served as an important influence in Renaissance art, literature and politics (MSN Encarta, 2007). Renaissance sculptors revived the Greco-Roman trend of realism (after centuries of theocentrism), while Renaissance architects used Greek and Roman designs for their creations (MSN Encarta, 2007). William Shakespeares works were based on Roman comedies (MSN Encarta, 2007). Philosophers and political theorists in the succeeding centuries used Roman laws and Roman concepts of freedom and tyranny as a reference for their own writings and discourses (MSN Encarta, 2007). These ideas also inspired revolutionaries in America and France to liberate their respective countries (MSN Encarta, 2007).ReferencesHarker, K. Killeen Harker Heights Connections. (n.d.). Reasons for the Fall of the Roman Empire. Retrieved May 8, 2008, from http//killeenroos.com/1/Romefall.htmHooker, R. World Civilizations. (1996). Rome The Roman Republic. Retrieved May 7, 2008, from http//www.wsu.edu/dee/ROME/REPUBLIC.HTMMSN Encarta. (2007). Ancient Rome. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552589/Ancient_Rome.htmlMSN Encarta. (2007). Roman Empire. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741502785/Roman_Empire.htmlUNRV. (2008). Fall of the Roman Republic. Retrieved May 8, 2007, from http//www.un rv.com/roman-republic/fall-of-roman-republic.php