Conduct Disorder in Adolescents Essay -- Psychology Psychiatry Parenti

Conduct Disorder in AdolescentsEveryday we are hearing more and more about a child or teen that has committed some horrible act. On Tuesday April 27, 2004 a twelve-year-old Georgia boy was arrested for allegedly using his manpower to strangle a third grader who disappeared while riding her bicycle(McLaughlin, 2004). In February, a twelve-year-old girl was beaten to unconsciousness by a group of adolescents and tender adults while at a birthday party in Baltimore. The question we must ask ourselves is where are the bring ups? Sadly, in the case of the Baltimore girl, unity of the young adults was the parent of one of the children. How do children learn that violent and socially deviant behavior is acceptable? Both of these scenarios would meet the criteria for a psychological finding of conduct ailment (CD). The diagnosis of conduct disorder in adolescents can be directly attributed to the continuing lack of parental involvement and support in the childs life.The Diagnost ic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders text revision 4th edition (DSM-IV-TR) states that the essential feature of Conduct Disorder is a repetitive and dour pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated(2000). The DSM-IV-TR goes on to list criteria for conduct disorder as, infringement to people or animals (i.e. forced sexual activity or mugging), destruction of property (i.e. fire setting), deceitfulness or theft (i.e. burglary or forgery), and serious violations of the rules (i.e. ladder away for periods of time) (the Statesn Psychiatric Association, 2000). A child must have at least three of those criteria present in the past year, with at least one manifested in the p... ...d do not get to see their parents until bedtime. In other cases, the child is left at home to look after and care for their jr. siblings. As a result, they neglect school and their own childhood. The amount of hatred and dis trust that must build up in that child is immeasurable. It is apparent that the home-alone America trend will create a breading ground for conduct disorder. Moreover, society is heading towards creating a generation who may have little empathy and little cephalalgia for the feelings, wishes and well-being of others (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). A childs attachment to, respect for, and healthy fear of their parents is essential to the childs mental health throughout development. It is time that we take responsibility for our own children and ourselves because if we dont, what will these children teach the next generation?

The Theory and Testing of the Reconceptualization of General and Specif

The Theory and Testing of the Reconceptualization of General and Specific DeterrenceIn the May 1993 unveil of the Journal of seek in Crime and fault, the introduction of the reconceptualized deterrence theory was presented, explaining that general and specific deterrence are both functions of crime. Mark C. Stafford, an Associate professor of Sociology and Associate Rural Sociologist at Washington State University, and Mark Warr, an Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Texas in Austin, introduced this theory. They argued that in that respect is no reason to have five-fold theories for general and specific deterrence. Rather, a single theory is possible that centers on indirect lie with with legal penalty and punishment evasion and direct experience with legal punishment and avoidance.1 General deterrence includes the knowledge of criminal acts performed by others and the consequences or absence of consequences from the activity. Specific deterrence relies u pon personal experience of punishment and the avoidance of punishment for a criminal activity previously committed. Both Stafford and Warr theorized that people are exposed to both types of deterrents, with some people exposed to more of iodin type than the other. In addition both general and specific deterrence effects may coincide with each other and act as reinforcement.In the May 1995 issue of the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency a preliminary test was conducted on Stafford and Warrs deterrence theory. Raymond Paternoster and Alex Piquero, both professors in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland, attempted to elaborate on Stafford and Warrs original findings. They, Paternoster and Piquero, argued that although they could find some support for the basic features of the deterrence theory, there was still a significant component that Paternoster and Piquero could not address. Without being able to measure the consequences of t he illegal behavior of their respondents peers, they could not separate the effects of indirect punishment avoidance from indirect punishment.2 Furthermore, they claimed that the personal experience of punishment had a definite role in substance abuse, as well as leading to supernumerary criminal activities because of formal sanctions.&nbs... ...eory. Though further testing needs to establish if this theory is correct, it will provide a single theory for deterrence, eliminating the possibility of accidentally excluding essential issues, and provide more resources to those trying to distinguish between deterrence and defiance.1 Mark Stafford and Mark Warr, A Reconceptualization of General and Specific Deterrence, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 30 (1993) 133.2 Raymond Paternoster and Alex Piquero, Reconceptualizing Deterrence An Empirical Test of Personal and Vicarious Experiences, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 32 (1995) 281.3 Stafford and Warr 123.4 R. F. Meier and W.T. Johnson, Deterrence as a Social Control The Legal and Extra Legal Production of Conformity, American Sociological surveil 42 (1977) 294-95.5 Stafford and Warr 125.6 Stafford and Warr 126.7 Stafford and Warr 128.8 Stafford and Warr 128.9 Stafford and Warr 133.10 Paternoster and Piquero 261.11 Paternoster and Piquero 263.12 Paternoster and Piquero 263.13 Paternoster and Piquero 264.14 Paternoster and Piquero 284.15 Paternoster and Piquero 272.16 Paternoster and Piquero 278.17 Paternoster and Piquero 276.

The Link Between Literacy and Recidivism Essay -- Literacy Essays

The website, literacy.kent.edu describes literacy as being able to read and write at a level to be successful in todays adult male and also being proficient at math, knowing how to use technology, and knowing how to solve problems and make decisions.(par. 1). So how do prisoners acquire these skills while they are incarnated out from the world? This is where literacy programs such as Literature-N-Living in Florida and Storybook Project come into play. Although these literacy programs seem minor to the world they are important to prison inmates, jejune offenders and their community because studies figure it can lead to reduced recidivism, positive attitude changes, and even enhance the prisoners own childrens literacy.According to Teaching Literacy in Order to Turn the Page on Recidivism Emily Music stated, recidivism is the tendency of a convicted immoral to relapse into a habit of criminal activity or behavior(p. 723). What this means is that recidivism is the rate a crimin al goes back to prison for committing a crime. Music also expressed that the key to reducing recidivism rates in the United States is decreasing illiteracy rates among juvenile delinquents(p. 724) Many studies since the 1990s state that the rate of recidivism goes down if there are options made available for inmates.Along with William Drakeford explaining in his study that the Reading skills of the youth in department of corrections could improve given the opportunity to learn in a structure environment ( p.143). A study in found inmates who did take this opportunity had a 59% lower recidivism rate than those who did not (Walker par. 3).As long as prisons provide these literacy programs and if prisoners participate they have more than 59% less of a chance o... ...ybook Project. caution to Inmate Mothers. Web. 20 Feb. 2014Music, Emily. Teaching Literacy In Order To Turn The Page On Recidivism. journal Of Law & Education 41.4 (2012) 723-730.OmniFile Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson). Web . 4 Feb. 2014.TURVEY, Sarah, and jenny ass HARTLEY. What Books Can Do Behind Bars. Adults Learning 25.1 (2013) 30-31. Readers Guide Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson). Web. 3 Mar. 2014.Vacca, James S. Educated Prisoners Are Less Likely To Return To Prison. Journal Of Correctional Education 55.4 (2004) 297-305. Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 3 Feb. 2014Walker, Karen, and Inc. (EPI) Education Partnerships. High School Education In Correctional Facilities. Research Brief. Education Partnerships, Inc (2006) ERIC. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.Willoughby, Mariano. Books behind Bars. Los Angeles Times 30 Jan 2000 B2. ProQuest. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.

Love One Another :: essays research papers

Love One Another     Well, I sure hope I was not the completely one who caught the main message oftodays gospel. If you accidently missed the gospel, the main message fromJesus was that he commanded us to "love one another." I gave the message some perspective thinking of "how shadower I love everybody?" How could I love my enemies?How smoke I love someone when they already shit a lover? How can I love someonethat I do not know? It is all these "hows."     So how can I love my enemy? After grown it more thought, I found alittle solution. It might not be the best solution, but it will suit my needs.If this enemy offends me, I recognise the enemy with my heart that I truly did notappreciate that comment. What does that relate to love your enemy? I wastrying to show my love to my enemy by expressing my feelings.     What about how can I love someone when they already have a lover? Wecan still love someone and still be friends or maybe even best friends. Thereis nothing wrong in being friendly with someone that already has a lover.     Well, what about how can I love someone that I do not know? An easysolution is to get to know society. Just do not have doubt and end up usingassumption. Be critical, be open, ask questions, and get to know how peers.Okay, but what if I am a shy individual? There is wrong being shy. Everybody isshy of something, but shyness can always be reverse. I used to be shy ofsomething, but therefore I gave it some thought when I was thinking when life wasgetting boring. I thought that if I were more open and sought friendship, my

Aldous Huxley :: Biography Biographies

Aldous Huxley Many talented twentieth century writers have been overshadowed by classical writers such as Charles Dickens and William Shakespeare. Novels traffic with classical topics are often more recognized than works that tackle controversial topics. Aldous Huxley defies this stereotype, for his controversial works gained great fame while influencing many people. Huxley was not retributory a successful writer he was a complex person whose ideas and novels influenced many people.Aldous Huxley was born July 26, 1894 (Its Online-Aldous Huxley) in Godalming, Surrey, England (Aldous (Leonard) Huxley). Huxley was born into a prominent family. His grandfather, doubting Thomas Henry Huxley, was a biologist who helped develop the theory of evolution. Huxleys aunt, Humphrey Ward, was a novelist. His mother was the niece of Matthew Arnold, a poet, and the granddaughter of Thomas Arnold, a famous educator and headmaster of rugby school (Aldous Huxley-Biography). When Huxley was fourteen years old, his mother died of cancer. He said his mothers death gave him a sense of the transience of human happiness and he felt that heredity made each individual unique, and uniqueness of the individual was essential to freedom (Aldous Huxley-Biography). From 1908 until 1913, Huxley studied at Eton College (Aldous (Leonard) Huxley). While at Eton, Huxley developed a condition of near blindness that plagued him until his death (Philosophers Corner Presents Aldous Huxley).After receiving his Bachelor of Arts in English at Balliol College, Oxford, Huxley worked in the War share in London and taught at Eton and Repton (Aldous (Leonard) Huxley). While at Oxford, Huxley was introduced to the literary world and became good friends with D.H. Lawrence (Aldous Huxley-Biography). In 1916, Huxley published his first book of poems, The Burning Wheel (Philosophers Corner Presents Aldous Huxley). From 1920-1921, he was a part of the editorial staff of the Athenaeum under Mi ddleton Murray. Through the years, Huxley also worked as a drama critic for the Westminster Gazette, was an appurtenant at the Chelsea Book Club and worked for Conde Nast Publications (Aldous (Leonard) Huxley). Huxley married Maria Nys in 1919. In 1920 they had a child named Matthew. The family split time between London and Italy and traveled almost the world in 1925 and 1926 (Aldous Huxley-Biography). In 1955 Maria died of cancer, and a year later Huxley married Italian violinist and psychotherapist Laura Achera (Brooke 199).

Essay --

ley MackMs. BarrEnglish 9 HonorsDecember 11, 2013The Morality of It AllA system of morality which is found on relative emotional values is a mere illusion, a thoroughly vulgar conception which has nothing sound in it and nothing admittedly this Socratic idea demonstrates a very distinct concept of morality. It shows that morality is not to be based on emotion, but on logic. If a some angiotensin-converting enzyme chooses to use their emotions to fuel a system of morality, things could go downhill quickly. Just like Socrates had to choose between emotions and logic, in Homers epic poem, The Odyssey, the booster dose Odysseus struggles between emotions and logic as he tries to get his crew back safely after the Trojan War has ended. As he embarks on his jaunt home, he is faced with many obstacles and options that question his ethical beliefs. As duration goes by and more and more of his crew eventually die off, he successfully moves on past his setbacks and finds himself back in his kingdom of Ithaca, only to discover it crawling with suitors attempting to woo his wife, Penelope. Odysseus is mostly construed as a tragic war paladin with many flaws. He finds himself in many life-threatening situations as a direct result of his actions, he is characterized by having too much pride, and he is treasonable to his wife. However, Odysseus is very much so still a hero because he perseveres and has an internal drive that gets him home no matter what, despite the fact his hubris is one of his biggest hindrances, his pride gets his men out of many dangerous situations, and even though he is physically adulterous to his wife, he emotionally longs for her then entire time he tries to reach home.Particularly, Odysseus is challenged with many treacherous obstacles, yet he finds... ...pon himself. As well. He reveals that he blinds the son of a god, and he falls to temptation. Throughout this experience, though, Odysseus tries to go against himself, as you can see when he moves past Circe and Calypso to try to get home to his wife. He may still make a err now and then, but he is better than he was before. Odysseus is very much like people today. He tries his hardest to be the best he can, but sometimes fails to reach his goal and makes and error. Just like modern-day people, Odysseus is flawed. He had his hindrances, just like them. Newer generations most likely learn to make mistakes because they grow up reflection their elders make mistakes. It is human nature to do something wrong now and again. Just because someone has flaws does not make them a bad person and Odysseus demonstrates how a veracious person could have imperfections through their values

De Beers Jewellery

Case Introduction De Beers, the so-called cartel in the jewelry industry, is a company that dominates diamond industry. The loading operational of De Beers includes diamond mining, diamond shops, diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors. De Beers is active in every category of industrial diamond mining open-pit, underground, large alluvial, coastal and deep sea. The companys headquarter located in Johannesburg, South Africa. As the vertically integrated diamonds producer, De Beers also controls the power f supply to its sight holders.The group owns and operates mines in Canada has gained 26% Interest In South Afri mass mines through Its partners, operates In more than 20 countries across six continents. Areas of focus are In Botswana, Angola, India, Canada and RASA (South Africa). As the year 2000, the company prevailed the worlds leading diamond producer and distributor with extensive activities in the value chain of exploration, mining and distribution of rou gh stones as hearty as significant influence in processing, manufacturing and merchandiseing. History of De Beers Cecil Rhodes EraFounder of De Bees, Cecil Rhodes started the company by renting water pumps to diggers with flooded claims during the diamond rush In 1871. He seized opportunities to corrupt and consolidate claims and later enter mines. Among the rights he purchased was the right to mine the De Beers brothers farm, whose name became the name if his company. Rhodes used his market position and access to credit to engineer a merger with Barney Barton (who managed to obtain a large stake in Kimberley biggest mine), in 1888 to form De Beers Consolidated Mines.De beers controlled close to 100% of South African diamond outturn and 90% of oral diamond output. Its position was so formidable that when the company reduced production in 1888, rough-stone process quickly rose by 50%. By 1893, Rhodes had established a single buyer, the Diamond Syndicate. It was also Rhodes, who n ever married, who conceived of the Idea of diamonds as a symbol of committed romance. Rhodes became the prime minister of ness Colony In 1890, ad enacted fairnesss benefiting mine owners. The Glen Grey Act effectively relocated native Africans from their lands to make way for industrial development.Rhodes was responsible for laws During his reign, he named the res publica as Rhodesia (Zombie since 1980), and by the ruling time, commissioned railship canal, bridges, schools and public buildings has emerged expeditiously. Rhodes died in 1902. De Beers share of rough diamonds had fallen to due to a large discovery at Premier, a competing local mine, though De Beers owned a stake in its production. De Beers stepped up its focus on buying and consolidating mines as opposite arose. While the company would remain without a forceful impudent leader until the sass, the system put in place by Rhodes endured.Ernest Oppenheim Era Ernest Oppenheim, came to South Africa as a diamond buyer. He would become mayor of Kimberly in 1908 and a member of the South African Parliament in 1924. Oppenheim builds up diamond interest and founded the Anglo-American Corporation in 1924. He so set out to link gold and diamonds, and began purchasing every known diamond mine in the early sass including new handle in Iambi. Oppenheim not only purchased mines, but also established a distribution system independent of dominant De Beers syndicate.Oppenheim began raising the riposte of racial problems in Johannesburg, where e lived, and lobbied for creation of modern native villages and social progress for black Africans. As a member of the United Party and a member of parliament, Ernest foreign the Afrikaner nationalist. Unfortunately, the Nationalist Party came into power in 1942. And the era of apartheid, or institutionalized racial discrimination began. scourge Oppenheim Era Harry, son of late Ernest became the chief operating officer of De Beers in 1957 until 1984.Harry was born to a n assimilated Jewish family of German origins in Kimberly, the original center for diamond mining in South Africa, and lived most of his life in Johannesburg. Harry Oppenheim was also known for his philanthropy. From 1967, the social investment activities of De Beers were merged with those of Anglo American in the Group Chairmans Fund. The fund initiated and finances numerous projects that contributed to community development on a large scale in South Africa, particularly in the arenas if education and heals.De Beers was instrumental in establishing a number of schools and technical colleges for black students. Following the winning riots in 1976, Harry established the Urban Foundation to meliorate, directly and wrought legislative reform, the social and industrial environment of urban native Africans. The slogan on Diamond is forever was created during his time with De Beers. Nicholas Oppenheim Era In 1985, Harry son Nicholas succeeded him as a Chairman. In addition to diamond tr ading business and other associate profit making activities.Through the sass and sass, De Beers geologist explored in Angola, Australia, Brazil, Bolivia, Canada, China, DRY, Lesotho, Iambi, Russia, Venezuela and Zombie. Through this period, De Beers also expanded its advertising program worldwide n 1972 in Spain and Brazil in 1977 in Holland, Belgium, Austria, and Switzerland in 1979 in Mexico in 1982 in Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Taiwan and 1984 in India and Korea. In the mid-sass, De Beers has implemented plans to ensure that its mines in Africa met 3rd party certified environmental steering standards.De Beers also set aside nature reserves around mining areas in South Africa, Botswana and Iambi and commenced programs to protect rare biodiversity. Problem Statements The end of apartheid era in 1994, has written down several changes in the policies dad in South Africa. The situation become different for the native people where high priority then given to t hem instead of the Afrikaners. While recognizing that diamond mining had made economic contributions, a growing proportion of policymakers in Africa believed that the diamond industry had not generated equal contribution by way of value-added processing activities.Therefore the Minerals Development Bill was drafted by the South African Department of Minds and Energy (DEEM) which would become the countys new mining law by year 2000 and gibe the state exclusive custodianship of all mineral rights. Then a new policy called Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) came into the scene in 2000 with a goal of creating opportunities for previously disadvantaged communities and individuals, including black Africans, women and people with disabilities.In addition to the changes in policies as one of the biggest challenges, a potential threat came into the gem market by the advancing technologies, for synthetical production. Thus, De Beers needed a new strategy to override with both rapidly changing industry environment and new expectations of society. porn Analysts Strengths Weaknesses Its reputation of monopoly Strong investment in marketing and advertisement. Good strong reputation with the ruling government.High operating cost (exploration, mining, sorting and distribution) Issue with mines that are countervail with civilization areas. Strong competitors from other brands Opportunities Threat Technology advancement. Backed by government policies to support the health of the industry. Apartheid issue Strong competitors from other brands. Racial issue could cause angry mobs to destroy the mining equipment (loss) De Beers 4-legged Strategy First Legged To improve efficiency and margins from De Beers own operations Second Legged To stimulate solicit of diamond by at least 5% per year.Third Legged To establish De Beers own brand that directly meets the end customer. Forth Legged Suppliers of Choice (SOC) to improve efficiency and productivity sight holders. Recommendation Despite having shares in the major mining area since late sass, De Beers should expand/ to make effort to penetrate to new ventures of exploration areas. This is due to demand of synthetic industrial diamonds which is largely used in lots of fields deiced, drilling tools for oil & gas, entertainment industry curiously in acoustic devices and others.As a analyses, I couldnt see any issues of expansion, since De Beers has been the market leader for almost half of the century. In order to manage the societal crisis, De Beers can improve its labor policies by giving more benefits such as insurance, incentives, and other related compensation. Apart from that, the company should determine a minimum hire for its labor, and the company should keep on protecting the rights against child labor which happens to be a serious problem is African continents. To maintain a good CARS, De Beers should implements ways to give back to the community.Prevention campaign such as Hips, poverty and starvi ng which are quite popular in the African countries should be carried out efficiently to ensure that De Beers is the organization that cares, for what its worth to public images. It is also important to sustain the efficiently of providing good diamonds to the world, Just for the company to stay relevant in the industry. In order to achieve that, De Beers must focus its core business as the producer of pure diamonds, not only focusing much on synthetic quality.

Standard Costing

Introduction to Management Accounting Lecture Albert De Jonge Student John Alejandro Eusse Agudelo Submission date 20/04/12 Contentpage Introduction3 Standard Cost3 History of Standard be4 Disadvantage of Standard Cost4 Advantage and benefits of Standard Costing 5 & 6 The relevance of ensample in Brittan and rest of the world6 smasher 7 Conclusion8 Reference and Bibliography9 IntroductionThis theme is based on the relevance of prototype appealing in Modern Britain, the report willing include so situation and evidence that model cost is relevant or not relevant for a 21st century Britain. To clarify to a greater extent on this topic and to tolerate my argument and discussion it will be necessary to use empirical evidence such(prenominal) as case studies from social scientist and scholars specialised in the subject. The appointee will focus on how tired costing is relevant in the UK equal to Germany and Japan.The aim of this report will be to present an argument for and ag ainst standard -costing. My findings will determine what evidence to use so that, the report will be unbiased and well presented according to the assessment task. Lastly on that point will be difference between standard price and standard cost, this will be made clear and explain further. My research will be make through Internet source textbooks. Standard Cost Standard cost is jointly associated with a Manufacturing Companys cost of material and direct poke and manufacturing knock.Standard cost is different from Actual cost because standard cost is an estimate put together, Standard costing is a reliable proficiency utilise to manage and improve the performance of an organisation, standard costing can be seen to the same or similar to Activity based costing (ABC) but has a good deal been criticized to be outdates and lost relevance but it was also suggested that the best techniques for controlling cost and performance steering is to use ABC and standard costingStandard co sting is a management pecker employ to estimate the over cost of crossroadion assume normal operations in other words, the estimate cost of material, proletariat overheads and other cost for each unit of production or purchase in a given accounts period. The basic concept of standard costing should be discuss clearly because it form the bases of the argument s to weather standing is relevant or not in the recent times. The charted imbed of management Accounting, London, defines standard costing as the preparation of standard cost and analysing cost the causes of transition with a view to maintain maximum efficiency in production.From the above definition, there are some key words that inescapably to be noted and explain for clarity of this report, one of which is standard cost which is defined by the institute of cost and work Accountants as standard cost are prepared and apply to clarify the final result of a business particularly by measurement of variations of actual co st from standard cost and the analysis of causes of variation for the purpose of maintaining efficiency of executive action. History of Standard CostingFor over 100 years, standard costing has been used for valuing stock and work in progress some historians say the origins of costing go back heretofore further and have ready evidence it was used in American Civil war by quarter master as a means of controlling cost. It doesnt in reality matter when the technique was invented what is much important is that it is still in use today In 1989 a survey showed that standard costing was being used by more than than 75% of British Industries e. g. brewing, textile, electronics and Pharmaceuticals. Disadvantage of Standard CostThere are many article and books that criticise standard costing as a technique thats in appropriate as capital intensive industries with high level of rigid overheads. Some Journals articles from the US in recent years prove in use and although a 100 years old h as definitely survived the test of time. It can be used subjectively to those industries which are producing standardised product and are repetitive in nature , examples are transport for London, Salt industries etc. Standard costing is not suitable in situations where a material body of different ind of tasks are being done e. g. this is one of the weakness of standard costing it does not include overheads Standard cost var. report is usually prepared on monthly bases and often is released days even week after the end of month. As a consequence the information in the report may be so stale that it is almost use little. Timely frequent report that are very precise but out of date by the time they are release some companies are now reporting segmentations and other key operating data daily or even more frequently.If managers are intensive and use variances report as a club, morale may suffer, employees should receive positive reinforcement for work well. Increase in travail does nt necessarily mean production will increase because output is depended on processing speed of railcar. (George Brown 2000) mentions that they can be improvements and changes which may be aided though the monitoring of variance trends though time. Trends may be monitored in order to establish whether the situation is deemed to be in control with variance fluctuating within acceptable limits.Alternatively, the variance trend may indicate an out of control situation which must be investigated with a view to change and changing product foundation, production orders. Etc Many candidates are unable to carry out necessary computational aspects of an examination question. This is likely caused, at least in part because of a lack of understanding of physiological situation which the data is intended to represent. A further problem is lack of ability to relate the physical information that has been calculated and the discussion about it relevance as a business tool in planning, control etc. Advantage and benefits of Standard Costing The benefits of using standard costing is that it can be used by management and managers as marks against which the performance of an organisation or of a part can be measured, its a good control tool for every activity it is not only a cost control tool but also help in help in production planning and decision making policy formulation and allows management by exception. (George Brown,2000 ) states that its a useful part in management accounting tool kit which has also been increasingly questioned.The extent to which standards have a role to feed in modern business is linked to the adaptation of progress, market and policies in changing business environment. The rate of change in product type and design due to technological improvements, customer requirements and increased competition has led rapid to change in how business operate. The need to respond to customer demands for speedy approachability of products, shortening product life cycles and higher quality standards has contributed to a number of changes in the instruction in which business operate.These include Just in time system allied to flexible manufacturing systems aimed to ensure that customers demand may be satisfied on a pull though basis. Stock and work in progress Will be minimised and the business operating cycle tailored to cater for the specific customer requirements. Total quality programmes aim at round-the-clock improvement, with the identification and elimination of non value added activities and the effective provision of added activities.Great emphasis on the value chain, from close link with suppliers of input materials and services to identification of customer needs in respect of quality, deliver and changing requirements though time. cost control standard costing system help to improve cost control and cost reduction, This involve the whole process of setting the standards second is a routine par and analysis of performance an d expenditure against these standards and lastly is the ability to express and theatre of operations the variations in monetary terms and implement corrective measure. (George Brow, 2000) asks what of standards in modern business? Can planning and decision making be accomplished in an effective manner without reference to some standard or based and without recourse to some measurement though time of achievements of, progress towards or variation from such standard or base? What elements of traditional stand cost will still have some relevance?This question has been raised and discussed in a number of areas in which standards may feature Right decision making It provides information to the operational staff, accountant and the management about the expected role of production lines, machines, vehicles, cost, of all activities and raw material & standard processing time. Performance management the target of different individuals, are fixed if the performance is according to shape s tandards.This standard can be used by managers as yardstick against which the performance of an organisation or department can be measured with this the management has no worries, the responsibilities are fixed and everybody tries to achieve his or her target and with hoe the are appraised Benchmarking standard costs are good yard stick for comparison between different plants at different locations standard develop for a production line in manufacturing company A can be compare with standard develop in another manufacturing company of the same production line.Budgeting and planning It helps the management to prepare forecast for the rest of the year and sometimes more years e. g 5 years etc. The relevance of standard in Brittan and rest of the world Standard costing is arguably less relevant according to authors and professional in the accounting world this method is out dated and should be replace with more up to date method such as JIT TQM and ABC. The use of standard costing is r elevant to an extends however the more current method are prefer and are widely used in most manufacturing companys. Dr. Reef Lawson, IMA vice president of research and Professor-in-Residence Jiliang Yang, retired professor from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and Pinzhun Ding, IMA senior China advisor, formerly of the PRC Ministry of finance and the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (CICPA). These are the researchers that worked on the evolution of the finance and accounting (F&A) function in Chinese companies and management accounting technique (costing practice) they use.The study found significant differences between the costing practices followed by most Western companies and those followed by Chinese companies. It has been claimed that the use of standard costing is less valuable than an actual or normal costing system (Hilton et al. , 2003). Accordingly, standard costing has been widely used for both cost control and product costing purposes a s well as to evaluate performance. hit Standard costing techniques do not include any overheads because standard costing al ways include elements for fixed overhead due to a larger percentage or the total cost of a product in manufacturing plants.In this case, there are two ways of approaching overheads treatment when using standard costing in management reporting. Whelden (1932) in the first edition of cost Accounting and actual overhead costing methods, simply record the over or under applied overhead as the difference between actual overhead cost and a standard charge to work in progress. In 1950 W Coutts Donald (CA,FCWA) used the innovation of calendar variance as part of the overhead volume variance.The calendar variance was a self adjusting variance that allowed for the under or over absorption of fixed overhead cost due to the varying number of working hours or days in any given accounting period. Where the budgeted fixed overhead was broken down into twelve equal parts, th e calendar variance was in effect and used to flex the fixed overhead budget. In this case on a later date it was analysed into expenditure and volume variance. The volume variance was consequently subdivided into capacity and efficiency or productivity variance.Separate sets of overheads variances for fixed and variable overheads were also calculated. As mentioned earlier, the calculation of a calendar as part of fixed overhead capacity variance was probably the least understood of all variance. The Puxty and Lyall and Drury surveys show that 60% and 89% of respondents respectively, reported an overhead expenditure variance. Much lower numbers game (28% and 41 %) reported an overhead volume variance. This could indicate a high level of use of a contribution approach in reporting system. 1) Overhead can be completely I ignoredOr (2) assumed to be fully absorbed by some cost drivers, these are the activities that consumes resources such as machine labour hours the mileage or the tr uck fleet etc. Conclusion The evidence showed that standard costing is less relevant in Britain because the country is more relying on service rather than manufacturing, The way standard costing as lasted over time also suggest how useful it has been and the alternative option such as TQM,JITand ABC could not replace the standard costing in the near at the moment.It is well known among the social scientist that this process is less common and even less in the United Kingdom because of the lack of manufacturing output in all the sectors compare to other countries such as USA, China, Japan and Germany. The way the report set out it support the argument that standard costing is relevant but the threat of it being extinct is something that need to be considered, even though it as survived many years, it is inevitable that the other method will come into practice more often for the newer generation.

Discipline and Corporal Punishment

Corporal punishment by definition is the deliberate trouble of physical pain as a system of changing conduct. Corporal punishment may consist of methods such as shaking, pinching, kicking, punching, slapping, establishting, painful body posture, or use of different objects such as sticks, belts and paddles (National Association of School Nurses, 2002, p. 1). In the past, corporal punishment was a technique of disciplining youth and children in the school setting.At present, some(prenominal) States in America have enacted legislation banning corporal punishment in schools. On the other hand corporal punishment has been an accepted manner of reprimand that several parents choose to integrate into their lives without giving a careful consideration. The mode of punishment can commence at any time that is generally initiated within the start of the childs grade school (Mathews, 2006, p. 1). The physical inflictions can be tolerated all the way until the teenager grows old plentiful to leave or be independent.This type of correction is purely torture, which has been employed for centuries and is still a frightening and disturbing incidence in several families today. Dr. Murray Straus of the University of overbold Hampshire Family Research Laboratory revealed that corporal punishment when regularly imposed to children it increases their antisocial behaviour such as bullying, cheating, stealing, lying, assaulting peers or sibling, and lack of repentance for erroneous doings (The Center for Effective Discipline, n.d. ) provides as a model for violent behaviour and for improper ways of dealing with disagreement among the punished children erodes trust between a child and parent and badly influences cognitive development of the child. Corporal punishment is not desirable for the contend that it increases the risk of child abuse and adults who were frequently hit during their childhood are likely to experience depression and other unconstructive genial health and social effects.This form of punishment can have a negative effect on the affected children as it relates to their physical and mental growth and health, as they are at a period of fragile mental capacity. Finally, corporal punishment is not desirable because children are entitled to security, care and good rearing from their parents and teachers. Adults should understand the significance of recognizing corrective athletic field instead of instantaneously imposition of corporal punishment in disciplining children.Because childrens ability to control their own behaviour is limited, corrective discipline is an important characteristic of adequate parenting for the reason that it generates the best preventive steps, which is reducing the occurrence of misconduct, and not eliminating it (Straus, Fauchier, 2007, p. 5). Corrective discipline incorporates positive in addition to disciplinary behaviours, and combinations of the two. Conclusion Corporal punishment has a strong possibility to influence the childs self-image and contribute to violent and disruptive behaviours.However, the practice remains a commonly used method of discipline in most American families and is still legal in educational institutions in several States in America. The progress of social skills after the infliction of corporal punishment may be severely changed, leading to belligerent behaviours. The imposition of corporal punishment also advances the message that cruelty is an acceptable form of behaviour in the society. Clearly, corporal punishment is not desirable and effective in enforcing discipline among children.

Focus on Trash Island, Save Our Life Essay

Ignored by humans for decades of years, garbage floating on the ocean has become a trash island. The island consists of plastic bags, cans, tires and an new(prenominal)(prenominal) plastic debris. The worse thing is that the trash island is still growing. The seawater in the center of Subtropical Airflow of pacific flows extremely slowly, with the addition of weather patterns, a large amount of garbage gather in this place. Year after year, a trash island has formed, which was called the eighth continent. It consists of four billion tons of oceanic plastics, chemical sludge, and other debris, researchers estimate island area may be twice the size of Texas (Wikipedia.com)The floating debris can absorb organic pollutants from seawater, and then much(prenominal) debris can be ingested by small fish, which are then eaten by larger fish. Many of these fish are then consumed by humans, resulting in their ingestion of toxic chemicals. (Ballard 2004). Therefore, human vivification will be threatened by this situation. What should be done to rationalise the amount of pollution and garbage mental synthesis up on trash islands? It is undeniable we should take this problem seriously otherwise humans will be faced with disaster.After realized how pressing we should clean the trash island, humans did a lot of work, try to diminish it. Once it was a project called declare oneself Kaisei, which devoted to study the ways of clean up the trash island. According to the material, in 2009, Project Kaisei embarked on its first expedition to the peace-loving Patch. There are two vessels in this trip, one is the Kaisei, and the other is the New Horizon. Each research vessel had a crew of scientists and volunteers on board in order to research the effects that might be occurring as a result of the large amounts of floating debris in this area of ocean.Investigation was carried out for material science, toxicity, invasive species, ecosystem impact and new take into custody m ethods to develop ways for removing some of the debris in the future in a larger scale.(projectkaisei.org). Similar projects are taken scientists and government are try to find ways to recycle plastic wastes. Project Kaisei drawn out a plan to save the ocean, which will raise about 200 million dollars in the next 18 month, then it will clean up more than 400,000 tons of garbage those garbage can be decomposed as fuel.The Kaisei Project indeed got a good return, basically it clean up part of the island, however, the island is still growing because those factories never stop dumping plastic waste into the ocean. scoop out the real situation into consideration, I think the best strategy we should do is to repeal the island growing bigger. Charles Moore, who firstly found the eighth continent, said even up cost all the countrys financial resources, and killed a large number of wildlife, it is impossible to clean up the whole trash island in the pacific Ocean. (Earth Island Journal, 2010).The technology may not be advanced so much that we cant clean up the whole island at present moreover, the be have far exceeded the benefits. I commit we should develop the technology firstly and seek out the most effective and economical process to recycle and decide the trash. On the other hand, we can take other actions to observe more debris from inflowing the ocean. And the costs will be much lower than cleaning the island up. Unquestionably the garbage island is a serious issue that worth to think. Prevention may not solve the problem once for all, but it can avoid it getting worse. And it is practical and workable, has a chance to be enacted.Government can encourage entrepreneur to develop green industry policy can be carried out to close those factories which had high pollution productive process. Research and development department has the ability to improve technology, as a result, the discharge of pollutant will be reduced and eliminated.Communities can contrib ute by lobbying companies to find environmentally safe alternatives to plastic and formulate reusable packaging. International treaties prohibiting dumping at sea must(prenominal) also be enforced, such as prohibiting sewage from being allowed to flow into the ocean, or eliminating the use of plastic bags(Silverman, 2007). Factories can find a way to reduce the discharge of plastic waste, or they can stop dumping the wasted into the ocean there must be approach to resolve the waste alternatively than simply discard them to the sea. With all efforts, the trash island will not bigger any more.Beyond this, our individual should stop dumping plastic wastes into the sea. As an word said, about 80% of the debris comes from land, much of which is plastic bags, bottles and other consumer products as wind blows plastic rubbish out of littered streets and landfills where it gets into rivers and storm drains before ride the tides and currents out to sea (Grant, 2009). Some tourists always think the ocean is a big trash dustbin, they enjoy the scenery as well as drop the trash unconsciously. Environmental certificate advertisement, public announcement and collection can be made to wake up the awareness of environmental protection from human.Although its hard to persuade those factories to close down their pollution business, the policies still need to be put into effect. It is indeed the most helpful approach to prevent the trash island grow up. At the national level in the United States, authorities like the Clean Water Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the defilement Prevention Act of 1990 do not specifically mention marine debris, but include standards applicable to the control of land based sources of marine debris (Interagency 2008). The most important thing is, such management can heighten humans awareness of protecting environmental, constant dropping wears the stone, I believe it will lead a right direction.If we can change our habits, the trash island will not grow. Ultimately more plastic recycling and wider use of perishable materials is the best hope for controlling these garbage patches (McLendon, 2010). Without global effort, we cannot successfully control the situation and protect the ocean environment marine animals and humans life will be at risk. Changes and actions need to be made, thus we can fix the problem and prevent it from occurring again. In conclusion, reduction of sources and international collaboration for putting to death is the most efficient way to reduce the expansion of the trash island.Work CitedProject Kaisei Capturing the Plastic Vortex. Project Kaisei Capturing the Plastic Vortex. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. Ballard, K. The importance and conservation of Biomes. University of California. (2004) Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation . Captain Charles Moore. Earth Island Journal, Aug. 2009. Web. 05 Dec. 2012. Silverman,J.(2007,September 19).Why is the Worlds Big gest Land fill in the Pacific Ocean Retrieved February13,2012,from HowStuffWorks http//science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/greatYpacificYgarbageYpatch3.html Grant, R.(2009,April 24).Drowning in plastic The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is twice the size of France.TheTelegraph . Interagency Report on Marine Debris Sources, Impacts, Strategies and Recommendations. Interagency marine debris organise committee (2008) McLendon,R.(2010,February 24).WhatistheGreatPacificGarbagePatch? Retrieved February 13, 2012,from Mother Nature Network http//www.mnn.com/earthYmatters/translatingYuncleYsam/stories/whatYisYtheYgreatYpacificYoceanYgarbageYpatch

Accounting statements and ratios Essay

Accounting statements and balances provide a great deal of training about a confederacys financial stability. Some of the concepts to be discussed in further detail include horizontal analysis, current ratio, quick ratio, and money to current liabilities ratio. A horizontal analysis is used to comp are data from two or more periods side by side. The current ratio reveals the coition amount of working capital by dividing current assets by current liabilities. A quick ratio is calculated by dividing the assets by the current liabilities. This root will examine the financial standing of orchard apple tree, INC and provide recommendations on how to better improve their financial gains in the future.Apple was founded in April of 1976 to develop and sell personalised computers. It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. on January 3, 1977, and was renamed as Apple Inc. on January 9, 2007 to reflect its shifted focus towards consumer electronics. Apple Inc. is headquartered in Cuper tino, California and designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers. Its known hardware products are the Mac line of computers, the iPod media player, the iPhone, and the iPad. Its online services include iCloud, iTunes Store, and App Store. Its consumer software includes the OS X and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media browser, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites. Apple is the worlds second-largest information technology company by revenue after Samsung Electronics, and the worlds third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia. beneath is the horizontal analysis and balance sheet of Apple, INC for 2011 through 2013. This analysis shows that while Apple has consistently seen an increase in revenue, they have also seen an increase in administrative and operating expenses each year. Also, there has been a steady increase in the cost of goods sold. Minimizing the se costs could drive the revenues for Apple, INC even higher.Below are the runniness ratios for Apple, INC. These ratios can be used as a tool to determine a companys ability to pay off its short-terms debts obligations. The current ratio is computed as follows Current Ratio = Current Assets/Current Liabilities. The quick ratio Quick Ratio = (Cash + Accounts Receivable) / Current Liabilities. The liquidity ratios as they apply to Apple, INC suggest that the company is becoming more liquid the longer they are operational. Liquidity is the ability to meet near-term obligations as they mature, (Bridgepoint Education, INC, 2012, p. 229). Based on the information provided, Apple, INC is doing very well and are overly-capable of meeting their near-term financial obligations.ReferenceApple, INC company financials. (2014). Retrieved, AUG, 2014, Retrieved from http//www.nasdaq.com/symbol/aapl/financials Principles of Accounting Volume I. (2012). San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education, Inc

Foot Binding: Beauty And Torture Essay

Women fork up been deformed, bounded and altered their bodies to non only survive in the participation however also because of the form of the self-assurance of men over women. The Lotus Shoes were very popular back in the Qing Dynasty as foot binding were a practice that many Chinese women participated in and became bound to patriarchy.This practice was implemented in the Chinese cultural values and traditions. groundingbinding as a duality due to not only its beauty and charm, but also its deformity and foul odor (Ping, 2000).The moral restriction not only affected women, but also the stopping full stop and society. The rise of footbinding, together with the rise of the practice of the exemplary woman, symbolizes the social, political, and cultural predicaments in the late imperial period (Ping, 2000)Foot binding is a painful bidding that allowed women to be thought as beautiful and a good future wife. The cult of the exemplary woman in the Ming and Qing dynasties reach t he or so terrible self-mutilations and the most shocking methods of suicide(Ping, 2000)Through bring issue account and in many different cultures, people have different perspective and perception on what beauty is or means. However, foot binding is probably one of the most extreme practices of body modification for beauty. This practice goes beyond the superficial. Body alteration, however, is not something solely unique to China, crossways history we have observed many different cultures with their own practice and perspective of beauty as seen in figure 2 & 3.As women with bounded foot couldnt move or do much, they would often lead the life of the wealthy and enjoy their solar day with fellow foot bounded women (Figure 4). The practice was a custom of the royalty and wealthy until the start of the 17th century, where women from all classes started binding their feet to imitate the upper classes. (Footwear History, 2013)At the point when a young little girl achieved the age of three, each toe was broken aside from the principal toe on each foot and what is left of the foot was bound with material and strips that were mean to keep the foot shorter, this likewise influenced the foot to twist at the underside. Ladies were compelled to experience torment and keeping in mind the end goal to feel delightful. (Cummings, 1998). one(a) of the popular theories said that it began with Emperor Li Yu. Amid the 970 A.D., Emperor Li Yu saw his most loved partner piteous on a brilliant white lotus platform and was spellbound by her feet, which she had wrapped in portions of material much like those of a ballet performer moving on pointe so her moving seemed to a greater extent delightful. Seeing the rulers pleasure, early(a) court ladies comparatively wrapped their feet. Before long high society ladies received the m aged, and inevitably it imbue to all ladies, regardless of their economic wellbeing. Just a couple of areas opposed, similar to the Manchu and the individuals who hailed from Guangdong in southern China. (Holman, 2013) (Ross, 2013)Surprisingly, as the custom became widely practiced, a transformation of the styles and techniques was a witness. Ladies needed ever-littler, more bent feet, thus the foot restricting bit was do to accomplish very curved, 3-inch feet. (Figure 6) The reading flourished for a long time until the point when it was prohibited in 1912 after the insurgency of Sun Yat-sen. (Evans, 2013) (Minnesota-China Connection)Be that as it may, ladies kept on restricting their feet in parts of China until the late 1950s. afterwards the Communists came to control in 1949, ladies were compelled to do unverbalized physical work like burrowing repositories, and those with bound feet found the work horrifying. The ladies often gave up daily sustenance out of vanity as they simply could not work the fields or gather food. They regularly abandoned sustenance as they couldnt satisfy their day by day creation amount nor s crounge in the mountains for organic products like other ladies. (Lim, 2007)When the practice became a tradition, it seemed impossible to discontinue it. Bounded feet were deemed prescript and beautiful, while unbound feet were otherwise. The culture and practice have left parents feeling upset and caught in between. They wouldnt want to inflict pain on their daughters but at the same time, their daughter would be out cast by the society, and they would have a hard time getting a husband if their feet werent bounded. The size of the feet meant so much more than the social status of the female. However, foot binding has also left a positive impact on the society despite the negative influences. The practice was also a strong multi-generational bond for women. (Figure 7) (Figure 9) Women with bounded feet were proud of their feet size and would get together to sew their shoes regularly. The procedure was also performed by the women of the family. (Figure 8)It was a strong tradition p assed from mother to daughters, entangled with shoemaking, how to endure pain and how to attract men. In many ways, it underpinned womens culture, says Dorothy Ko, a history professor at Barnard College in New York and author of Cinderellas Sisters A Revisionist History of Footbinding. (Gillet, 2012)Beyond human relations, this practice has also influenced Chinas architecture. collect to the bounded feet, the maximum distance women could walk was only about 3 or 5 miles. This has led them to receive more care and support. The houses were the mostly whizz floor, double at the maximum as it was hard for the women to move around. (Figure 10) The walkways and lanes were very small so women could get support from the walls or even railing when they walk.Foot binding also affected the culture on a global scale. The Westerners were able to explore the world and colonized lands. As the Chinese women had their feet bounded, it made it hard for them to travel or commute. Their husband would often stay with them too. The Chinese that managed to settle new lands were from ethnic groups that didnt practice binding. (Ross, 2013)Foot binding likewise complaisant the predominance of men over ladies. Since it was troublesome for a brothel keeper to stroll with bound feet the most distant she could walk was 3 or 4 miles (4.8 to 6.4 kilometers) Chinese ladies never strayed a long way from home, nor had much contact with others outside their towns. (Holman, 2013) Their lessened portability for all intents and purposes guaranteed they couldnt have extramarital illicit relationships, or vanish to get aside from a beating when their spouses were disappointed. As foot restricting ended up noticeably dug in amid the Song administration (960-1279), counseling for ladies was entirely diminished and autonomous property rights banned (Ross, 2013)A law in Imperial China was that ladies did not pick their spouses as marriage was orchestrate by the men (Nosotro, 2000), which again f ocuses on the overwhelming talk of a male controlling country. The men chose the ladies by the measure of their feet, the wealthier men pick the lady with the littlest. A go-between would visit went with a single man, and he would sit and watch the ladies twisted feet. On the off chance that they were too substantial and did not fulfill him, he basically turned her down which was a extremely humiliating undertaking cites Zhang Ru-lian.The possibility of sustenance restricting was so well cognise as the showed that ladies could endure torment this exhibited the characteristic of the train which was alluring. To place this into the point of view foot restricting is practically similar to female circumcision, as it takes awaysome type of energy, and it influences the ladies to feel vulnerable.Foot binding also cultured an erotic practice, it became an antiquated fetish for men. In the same way as other bring upual interests, accommodation in Asian culture is one prevailing fixation . For official, its not constrained upon the female sex. Indeed, it is normally guardians that start this sort of training so their little girl would have a decent future prospect. This training is a sort of accommodation since it makes the females claimed by their spouses. The feet have been one of the fixations of mankind. The hunt and form and in addition the way that it is shrouded, makes it all the more energizing as far as sexual fervor. Women in the past were objectified and used by men for their sexual needs and fetish. (Holman, 2013) Antiquated manuals taught men in how to exotically caress bound feet in incalculable ways, and utilize them to improve sexual experiences. Further, numerous ladies kept their feet bound all through sexual experiences, upgrading their persona while covering their deformity. Be that as it may, a few men got a kick out of the chance to see the unshod they would be in contact with it. Peculiar foot obsessions grew, for example, drinking the wate r a lady had used to wash her feet or setting nuts between her twisted toes, at that point eating them (Evans, 2013) The bound foot denied ladies of their opportunity to move their feet and their flexibility of soul. The fact that this practice isnt compulsory and they are done even by mothers, gives that this training begins to be not an easygoing practice in nature but rather eject transform into a type of accommodation later on. When a man marries a woman because of his sexual attraction towards her feet, then it can be perceived that the women submitted to the man because of her feet. Another way for seeing this is footbinding would not be a prevailing fashion and practice if men in China did not demonstrate any slant to young ladies with little feet.The once well-known routine with regards to foot restricting, at last, reached an end toward the finish of the lines. Ladies in China have made considerable progress in the way they have been dealt with. Ladies have progressed sig nificantly in Chinese society and the playing field has turned into somewhat more even yet ladies are still observed as lesser than men in the present society. Even till like a shot, there is an interest for infant young men to be conceived. Chinese society inclines toward young men to young ladies since children can grow up to deal with their folks when they develop old though guardians cant move in with the lady as she grows up and moves out of the house when she gets hitched. There is presently a point of elbow grease set up expressing what number of children a couple can have. Families are permitted to have one tyke as long as that first churl is a kid and a moment is permitted if the primary type is a young lady however after two children couples are not permitted to have any more kids or they would need to pay a $3,500 fine. In the 1980s, the legislature started implementing a strict one tyke for every couple run the show. Despite the fact that ladies have progressed signi ficantly in Chinese society, ladies are as yet viewed as the second rate compared to men even today.(Chang, 2008)However, women today are not any longer pressured to have little feet just to guarantee men will like them. The stereotype of females being a sex object is gradually being supplanted by superior women who has influenced and made an impact in the Chinese society. The practice is part of Chinas ancient tradition. It fills in as a lesson that people can do outrageous things to their body just to please others. Footbinding is a piece of Chinas history that shows us how our reality today comprehends and acknowledges that men and ladies are made similarly and must be dealt with correspondingly.(Jackson, 1998)

My area landscape analysis examining every activities done it

The sweep I chosen for this study is called Muyenga in Kampala urban center Uganda.It is set on a hill with gentle slopes every side of it, and surrounded by swamp areas( weewee logged areas).The alone area stretch is about 4 square kilometers and 5 kilometers from the city center. It is accessed through tama ked roadstead with intelligent water channels. When stood on the top of this area you fucking have a clear view of the unit underneath surrounding areas with a clear city view.Part of this area is rocky with a scrub type of vegetation insurance reportage. The other sections of this area are sandy with savannah kind of vegetation and improbable tresses.On the other side of this hill thither is another swamp with a wide coverage of papyrus vegetation stretch up to the clear water lake (Lake. Victoria)WHAT IS GOING ONThis area is sub-divided into some(a)(prenominal) developments and several activities are taking place. On the top of this hill there is located one of the b iggest city water supply tank.There is a section of this area which is true in a residential housing estate. Houses in this section of this area maintain good gardens with channelizes in compounds.The section which has rocks have been create into quarries (stone mining and cutting) and some building sand mining. The other side of this area which has the papyrus vegetation coverage has been partly conserved for green belt by the national surroundal management authority (NEMA). This meant that there are no activities/developments allowed in this section before the approval of this institution.Other voltaic pile hill areas has been print in to industrial areas and there are also some unknowing housings (slums) in this industrial area.WHAT FITS TOGETHERThe development of this area into a residential housing estate is ok since a tree planting is maintained and a green grass in compounds. The section of this area which has the rocks to be developed in a quarry was also fine. The con servation of the green belt (wet land) was fantastic. The maintain ace of tama ked roads with good water channels also fits because this act prevents soil erosion.WHAT DOEST FITThe development of some parts of the swamp into the industrial area did not fit, because swamps act as natural water get across and purifiers. You know water from factories and industries and other activities in the city is postgraduately polluted. So there is a take aim for swafor water purification before it gets into the lake. When polluted water goes straight in the lake it causes a high uncivilised of living water spices endangerment .This can also cause high rates of pipe get water purification. second it is not healthy to establish factories and industries near to residential areas. There is a standard distance to be maintained.The encroachment of peasants on the gazette greenbelt also didnt fit. The drainage of swamps for other activities like unplanned housing (slums) also doesnt fitSPECULATE WHA T HAPPENEDGeographically it is said that this area falls into the household of a tableland. It is speculated to be having formed by either weathering or up and waste warping. A plateau some times called tableland is a large stretch of land with approximately similar heights above sea level. (Tamale.E. Geography in the new era 1997)It stands out higher than surrounding areas or in form of a wave kind of formation with its sides slope down to the lower lands.A plateau compared to an elevated plain, bears a very big difference between the two.With a plateau, valleys are narrow, heavy sometimes with steep sides yet for a pain there are broad with big stretches. The rivers in a plateau are swift and carve deep compared to those in plain.Plateaus are always high (height above sea level) compared to plains.(Morgan. Advanced geography for secondary schools.2001)It is thought that plateaus were formed as a sequel of wearing down of higher mountainous areas or by the process of denudati on. And if this continues to be effective, the whole plateau tycoon be reduced to near a plains height.(Tendo.L.Modern geography 2002)WHAT IS CURRENTLY natural eventThe fact that this area is considered to be a plateau. This area is greatly exploited by mans activities which are a nemesis to its sharp and future existence.The terracing of the area for leveling building sites, cutting down of trees and drainage of swamps and wetlands is going on this area.Industrial wastes and polluted water goes direct in the clear water lake. Brokerage of water channels and encroachment in wet lands for peasant farming and unplanned housing.WHAT capacity HAPPENIf all these activities mentioned above are not controlled there is a possible flooding which might take place. The act of stone cutting and mining causes a great threat to this area (plateau) weathering down in to plain in future.The act of gazette swamp to industrial areas causes a big threat to the lake water pollution and thus high co sts of pipe line water purification.Also industries to be located near residential areas are a very big threat to the health of the people. wallop on the wetlands and clearing of the papyrus vegetation is a possible threat of simplification of water levels in the lake.EVALUTIONMy opinion about this is, first I would appeal to the concerned to maintain not only for this area but a national tree planting campaign. This can ensure conservation of soil and reduction of erosion.I would discourage industrialization of swamps and wetlands to maintain a steady and healthy stretch of the green belt. This can help ensure a good natural purification of polluted water before it gets in the fresh water lake. This thus can also reduce on the cost of pipe line water treatment and purification.I would support the national environment management authority in its scramble to conserve the environment.Every strategy put in control we can preserve and conserve our environmentReference listTamale.E (19 97). Geography in the new era(pp.72-75)Moorgan.D. (2001) Advanced geography for secondary schools(pp.45-47)Tendo.F. (1998).Morden geography.JB publishers 1st edition(pp.57-60)

Managing Finances for a Better Future Essay

In American society, we are encouraged to save money for a better proximo. However, in my life I create encountered conundrums with managing my personal finances. In the past, I spent my money irresponsibly. Despite making a decent salary, it was a challenge trying to maintain my financial responsibilities and not something I was very concerned about. I tangle as though I was living paycheck to paycheck, when the reality was I simply did a short(p) job of managing my funds. Now that I have grown up and have a son, my expenses have change magnitude tremendously.Although he is my biggest joy, having to take care of him has worsened my inability to fill out and save money properly. When I should be saving money for his college education, instead I spent $500 on toys for Christmas. Therefore, learning how to effectively manage my finances is vitally important in order to secure a healthy and rewarding future for myself and my son. Information to Resolve My Daily Problem As I consi der how to fall my constant problem of saving money, I have identified these information sources as thinkable resources1.I would use my 401(k) enthronization catalog to discover more information about how to invest money into different stocks and bonds. 2. I would strive Diana Marrero-Pinto, Director of Housing at the Lorain County Community Action Agency, Inc. to register for the Budgeting Bootcamp seminar. 3. I would search the Internet for time-tested resources on how to save money in a bad economy. I would look for such resources in the following manner. I would contact my 401(k) representative to schedule a meeting to discuss my account and possible investments.I would contact Diana Marrero-Pinto to discuss the Budgeting Bootcamp seminar and other training opportunities. I would visit the University of Phoenix Library for articles and bear excerpts on budgeting and saving money. Process for Evaluating My Resources In order to evaluate the information that I would gather t o resolve my problem, I would consider the source of that information. If I am interviewing professionals, I would ensure that they have a background knowledge in finance or experience working with people on how to manage their personal finances.If I am looking at Internet resources, I would be cautious nreliable websites that contain non-factual information. I believe, the ring Street Journal website has reliable information since it is a nationally renowned newspaper in the unify States. Another really reliable resource would be the University of Phoenix Library, because college officials ensure the information is reliable for students. The articles and books lendable on the University of Phoenix Library allow thousands of students to feel confident about the reliability and accuracy of the resources retrieved from the website. ways to Use This Information to Resolve the ProblemThe swear out of problem-solving includes the ability to utilize self-knowledge to figure out solu tions to a problem (Carter, Bishop, & Kravits, 2007). I believe there are four stages in problem-solving analyzing, synthesizing, applying, and evaluating. First, analyze the problem or issue by identifying the possible causes for why the problem occurred. Next, synthesize all the data that explains the problem and brainwave possible solutions. According to Carter, Bishop, and Kravits (2007), When you are brainstorming ideas, dont get hooked on decision the one right answer.Questions may have many right answers- or many answers that have degrees for profit (para. 52). From these possible solutions create a plan of action, outlining important goals with timeframes for completion. Once the goals and timeframes are established, I will take off to apply the goals set forth in order to solve my problem. Later, I will evaluate the process it took to solve my problem, and decide if the process was dependable. This will help me to make better decisions in the future.

Indoor Plumbing and Public Sanitation in Developing Countries Essay

The porcelain throne, the pot, the pooper, the potty, the latrine, the sens. That is something we dont give much thought to, unless something is wrong with it. What around the exhibitor or the sink? How often to do you go to your sink to puddle a glass of piss supply and wonder Am I alcoholism someones poo? Will it be cracking today or will I get throw off? I know for myself, I r atomic number 18ly give this any(prenominal) thought at all in all and I can honestly say that I work never worried that my drinking water supply would be contaminated by feces. However, for many around the population, this is a constant concern. many an(prenominal) today either dont incur access to disinfect water or dont flummox access to very much water at all. They go aroundly prep atomic number 18, as well as drink, cook, and clean in contaminated water. This causes several life threatening diseases and illnesses. I will discuss the water and sanitization issues in under develope d countries, as well as what is being through with(p) to improve these situations. beforehand(predicate) one December morning in Boise Idaho, I woke up to an especially cold day. I tiredly scuffled myself to my bathroom, went pee and when I went to flush my toilet, nothing happened.Still slightly asleep and confused, I well-tried a couple more eras to get it to flush. Still nothing happened. Frustrated, I opened my tankful and found that there was no water in it at all. I thought that that was strange, so I checked my faucet. I turned the handle and no water came out, I quickly checked my shower and kitchen sink next. I had no water at all. Realizing that I had to work in a few hours and I had no way to shower, brush my teeth or clean up in any way, I became quite irate. I called my management company and apparently pipes had frozen in most of their properties.after this experience I started seeing about my reaction and how there are countries that dont have access to clean wa ter ever. Though I call up that the reaction that I had would have been the akin for any person living in the U. S. , I dont know if it was as wide of a deal as it felt like in the moment. I didnt die from not having water for one day, I wasnt forced to defecate in my front lawn or drink from a bathroom. I didnt get sick and I didnt even have to go the entire day without a shower. In fact, I didnt have to go even a couple of hours without access to water.We, in America, are so used to having constant access to clean water and indoor plumbing that if we have to go an hour without it, its as though our entire world is crashing down. We rarely give thought to those in underdeveloped countries that lack access to clean water at all. thither are approximately 7 billion people living on earth today. There are about 2. 6 billion people today that dont have a toilet or access to one (Yamaguchi). That is about 40% of the worlds population That is a huge number of people without toilets. Here in America, there is not a single home(a) that does not have a toilet.Even the homeless have constant access to convenience facilities and clean water. I had a conversation with a friend of mine that works with the homeless on a daily basis to see what the situation was like for the homeless in America in regards to restroom access and sanitation. I asked him if any of the homeless people that he worked with were ever forced to openly defecate or go without a shower. He informed that the only ones that did that were never forced to, besides they did it by choice. He also told me that many that are homeless are on Medicaid, so if they get sick they can just go to the doctor.This is quite different from underdeveloped countries, where people die all the time from not being able to afford medical care. Developing countries not only lack affordable medical care but they have very limited ability to prevent the spread of illness, such(prenominal) as those caused by exposure to faecal matter (Yamaguchi). However, in America we have sewage systems and plants that strive and treat our sewer water. In Los Angeles there is the Hyperion sewage plant that processes enough fecal matter to contact three Rose Bowl Stadiums every day (Yamaguchi).That is just in Los Angeles, what about the rest of the U.S.? It is melodic theme boggling to think about how much is processed. Now lets look at India, a kingdom that has significantly grown economically, however is still severely lacking proper sanitation systems. According to UNICEF, about 600 million people in India are without access to a toilet ( creation Toilet mean solar day 2012). That is more than half the population of India. Instead of using a toilet, they openly defecate wherever they can. Many use the Yamuna River (Yamaguchi), the largest river in the Ganges of Northern India. The result has been a severely contaminated water source.The river has literally turned black and bubbles from the methane gases. The shores are not only polluted with fecal matter but nut case as well and yet still the people are using the water from the river (Yamaguchi). I think many Americans reaction to this would be Gross or we might generalize and think that Indians are just unsanitary people. Is that really the case, though? The people living in underdeveloped countries are rarely living in unsanitary conditions by choice. Many are ignorant to proper sanitation practices and/or are living in conditions where they have no access to clean water.In the urban slums of New Delhi, people are defecating anywhere they can in the middle of the streets, next to rail lane tracks, or just feet from where they eat, drink and sleep. The water they are using to cook, drink, and bathe with is water from a sewer (Yamaguchi). About 1000 children die every day from diarrhea (Bajait, Thawani). This lack of proper sanitation systems is exposing these children and adults to fecal matter on a daily basis, which is causing diseases like Typhoid, Cholera and other severe illnesses cerebrate with diarrhea. Is this the fault of the individual or the fault of their governments?In my opinion, both are at fault. Though developing countries have very little access to informational services, I do believe that it falls in the hand of the individual to get informed and I believe that it is the responsibility of the government to provide the services inevitable to inform its people on proper sanitation, as well as provide a clean environment to tolerate in via sanitation systems. This lack of toilets, which results in a lack of clean water, is on the face of it a very big problem. So what is being done about it? In 2001 Jack Sim founded the World Toilet Organization.This organization is dedicated to improving the worlds toilet and sanitation situation. They make toilets that are affordable for those living in impoverished conditions. Jack Sim also works with governments of developing countries and small org anizations to succor provide toilets to those in need. One of those small organizations is run by Bapak Sumadi in Indonesia. Sumadi is a major leader in Indonesia in providing the public with toilets and teaching the importance of public sanitation. Together their goal is to end open defecation (Yamaguchi). Though the changes and effects are small, they are not insignificant.The conditions that these people are forced to live in, is truly a crisis. Thousands die every day from not having proper sanitation systems. The invention of the toilet and sewage systems has not only given us a way to get rid of our feces, but it has provided us with sanitary conditions which keeps our water clean and reduces the chances of contracting diseases. No matter who you are or where you live, everyone deserves to have access to a toilet and clean water. The question now is what more can be done? Should the government help provide better access to toilets and sanitation systems? What about other cou ntries?Do we discipline any responsibility in helping these developing countries? In my opinion, yes we do. One scholarly journal, in summon to David Hemson, stated regular water supply to the rural poor is both a constitutional indispensability and a social necessity (Phaswana-Mafuya 298). I think it is imperative that we learn to help one another, so that we can grow together rather than grow apart. I know the next time that I use the restroom, take a bath, or even just get a glass of water I will be grateful for all that I have and that I dont have to worry about what I am drinking or bathing in. What about you?

Hourly Rounding: Does It Really Make a Difference Essay

Hourly move is something that has been around for a while. One of the early things we learned in breast feeding school was that you should check on your long-suffering e rattling hour or every 2 hours (depending on nursing aid assistance). I started my research by looking at what hourly rounding error entails. From there I found the majority of expressions that suppose hourly rounding authenti outcryy does affect patient safeguard and alone a few opinion articles that think the opposite. Develop a focused questionSince there were so many articles on hourly rounding, picking through them to uprise ones that related to the direction I was going with my research was really difficult. The main question that came into my head when thought process about hourly rounding was, does it really make a difference in patient care or estimable patient satisfaction? Hourly rounding is used for an assortment of reasons. Anticipating patients needs ahead they have to ring the call bell, a long with patient safety are cite reasons for hourly rounding. The majority of the articles I found focused on patient satisfaction.Although patient satisfaction is a huge deal, the direction I wanted to go was much with patient safety. Initial and related equipment casualty I started out my search by using phrases like patient hourly round implication, why is hourly rounding important for patients, and how does hourly rounding affect patients. This didnt get me very many articles, so I tried a different approach. I broadened my search by just writing in nursing hourly rounds and nursing rounds and this got me a lot of articles on hourly rounding. military rank of articles I found after reading my four articles, the critiquing using the Johns Hopkins form was pretty difficult. To me the forms are confuse because I dont have a lot of experience using them or doing much research. All four articles that I chose to use had adequate information to help me come to a windup for the question I formulated. All four articles supported at least one finding from the early(a) articles.This helped me conclude that the research make was adequate information that could be used to evaluate the ore focus of my questions. The studies that were do or talked about in the articles were easy to pick out and straightforward. Identification of outcome Based on my research I learned that hourly rounding during the hours of 0600-2200 and 2-hour rounding from 2200-0600 is effective in providing patient safety, anticipating patients needs, decrease the amount of call bell rings and increasing patient satisfaction. All of the articles had similar studies through with(p) to hand over these conclusions.The article that I found most helpful was Hourly Rounding A Replication field of force by Todd Olrich, Melanie Kalman and Cindy Nigolian. This article clearly stated the three studies that were done and their results. All the articles though had similar results, which is how I cam e to the conclusion that hourly rounding during the day and 2-hour rounding during the night is effective. Results indicated both hourly and every 2-hour rounding decreased call-light usage and increased patient satisfaction.Patient satisfaction increased significantly on the units from 79. 9 to 91. using a 100-point scale, patient call-light usage decreased significantly, and falls decreased only when rounding was done hourly (Olrich, Kalman, Nigolian 2012). All but one of the articles talked about doing a base-line measurement first to see how practically the call bells rang, how often patients fell and how cheerful they were with the care they were getting. The base-line measurement studies went on from 4-8 weeks before the actual studies began. This is a great way in my view to get an overall look at what happened before the hourly rounding was implemented and what happened after.In one of the articles I chose, nurses had a hard judgment of conviction following the hourly rou nding format. Registered nurses and TPs from both study units overwhelmingly viewed hourly rounding as more work instead of a proactive process that might have benefits for them and their patients. However, some staff members did whole step that hourly rounding was a good idea but difficult to accomplish because of competing priorities and tasks (Deitrich, Baker, Paxton, Flores, Swavely 2011). This is the only article I found that the nurses had a hard time following the hourly rounding protocol.All of my articles that I chose besides one were research articles. The only one that wasnt was more of a review of another(prenominal) peoples work that had been done. Even though this article was only a review and only talked about the results that were found and not the actual studies that were done, the information was very relevant to my question and easy to understand. In 5 of 6 studies (83%) that examined use of call lights, the use was reduced. Fall rates were reduced in 7 of 9 stu dies (77%) in which falls were evaluated.In 8 of 9 studies (88%), researchers discovered improvements in overall patient satisfaction and likelihood of recommending the hospital, as well as satisfaction with anticipation and attention to personal needs, timeliness of nurses response, and management of pain (Halm 2009). All four articles stated what the nurses and nurses aids did during hourly rounding and they were all very similar. Two articles said they attended to the 4 Ps pain, posture, potty (elimination) and proximity of personal items.The other two articles had similar actions during hourly rounding. Overall, the main actions done were pain assessment, toileting, patient positioning and comfort, environmental check (call light, telephone, TV remote, water, tissue box within reach, bedside table close to bed, and floor kick from clutter), and the last thing they all did was ask the patient if there was anything else they could do for them before they left the manner and t old the patient the next rounding would be in an hour.After doing all of these things, patients overall were more satisfied with the care they got, falls were recorded less because patients werent trying to get up on their own, and call bells were going off less. Learning that occurred While doing this research discombobulate I learned that patient rounding is significant in increasing patient safety, satisfaction and decreases call bell use. Before this interpret I had an idea of why nurses checked on patients hourly, but these articles helped me better understand what really needs to me done on these checks besides toileting.I as well learned more about how to research a topic. I had a difficult time narrowing down my search but finally got the hang of it by going to the library for a little extra assistance. By being forced to use the Johns Hopkins forms, I learned more about filling them out. Although they are still a little confusing to me, this project helped me understand them more.Conclusion My conclusion from all of this research is that hourly rounding is necessary to help keeps patients happy, heavy and safe.As a first year nursing student, a lot of the things we do in nursing are foreign to me and Im constantly asking myself why nurses do things the way they do. This project helped me to pick one of those questions that I ask myself and really start to understand why. I really think this project helped to better my nursing career. Now that I fully understand hourly rounding, it will also help me to tend to my patients needs more.

Endangered Species Essay

Endangered SpeciesAn endangered is a species where the matter of the sensuals population has decreased to a point where there is a risk of extinction. home ground destruction, pollution, and over harvesting has led to extinction. As of 2013, studies show that global extinction threatens more than 30%of at least 70,200 species. The World Wildlife Fund has stated that one of the great extinction episodes of in Earths history is currently under way.Animals becoming endangered is a major threat to ecosystems around the world. Animals are a part of the constant cycle that keeps the nature of its habitat in balance. If you were to take out the animal, it takes away a crucial part of the cycle, and many other parts of the cycle would perish without the animals contribution. Humans are at fault for the mass amount of endangered species because of the detrimental environmental habits that they have. This puts us to great shame and leaves us responsible for these innocent animals.

Swine Flu Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Swine Flu - Research Paper ExampleThe article states that the 2009 eruption of the sickness was a pandemic and now after 4 years it is occurring widely in diametrical states. Swine grippe was originally a respiratory disease found in pigs. The article further gives an overview of the conditions of the states affected. The introduce of California has been affected most severely with 243 deaths which were higher than the previous year. In San Francisco, the hospitals are flooded with patients with flu symptoms, and to prevent any chances of communicability tents were set in the gardens of hospitals for such patients. The article reported that the death of a cleaning lady in Sacramento by this disease created a buzz among people. The woman died within 3 eld of the appearance of symptoms but she did not get an injection for the flu. The article also explained the views of some doctors who explained that the disease is worrying and it has been included in the flu vaccines, but the efficacy of the vaccine is 50-70 %. The article concludes by stating that the reoccurrence of such disease makes the flu vaccination a mandatory, and the strains of H1N1 occurring in America are more virulent than anywhere in the world. Swine flu was an epidemic disease but its become a pandemic (Cha, 2014). The epidemiological trilateral of the disease involves an agent, environment and host. According to the article, the agent that caused the disease was the virulent virus H1N1 and its strains. The outbreak of the disease was seasonal worker as it surfaced in the flu season.

PROBATION PRACTICE IN ENGLAND Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

PROBATION get along IN ENGLAND - Essay ExampleRacism produces its effects by segregation, socioeconomic stratification, and marginalization as easy as through the individual experience. Institutionalized racism produces discriminatory effects on health through public policy, the physical environment, social and medical divine services and preventive health policy.The studies conducted by various organizations and individuals shows that the exert of racism is prevails in the criminal justness system also. There is recent evidence (from the 2000 British abomination Survey) that black and particularly Asiatic people are more likely than whites to say that the criminal arbiter system is effective in bringing offenders to justice, dealing with cases promptly and efficiently, and meeting the needs of crime victims. besides at the same time Minority ethnic people were less confident that the system see the rights of suspects and treated them fairly, and black respondents especiall y were less likely than whites to believe that the police treated witnesses well (Mirrlees-Black, 2001)(1). some(prenominal) it is, it is important to explore the field of probation practice and the treatment of minority ethnic groups in the criminal justice system, to identify the criminogenic needs of black and Asian offenders, and to explore their views about probation supervision, and to inform decisions about appropriate service provision.Thereby we can have a deep look into the probation practice to diversity in working(a) with these Black and Asians .Moreover we can corroborate the possibility that people from minority ethnic groups may be guinea pig to disadvantageous treatment at all stages of the criminal justice process, even if this does not result from distinct racist discrimination (Phillips and B rown, 1998).(2)Before going to explore the areas of diversities in the probation practice regarding the black and Asian offenders, it will be helpful to have look on the s cope of probation practices and criminal justice

Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) Essay - 2

Strategic gentleman Resource Management (SHRM) - Essay ExampleThis paper pass on reckon various functions of homophile mental imagery management in dealings to APS business objectives and evaluate the human imaging management aspects of the company.Strategic human resources management, alignment with mission achievement, strategic alignment these terms are slightly of the phrases, which are organism used to explain the latest, evolving function of human resources management (HRM). Different people will give different meaning for these terms. Consequently, it is imperative to ascertain from the starting what we are really talking about. Human resources management alignment implies integrating decisions concerning employees with decisions regarding the outcomes a business is attempting to reach the objective of the company in relations to its business targets. (Hunger & Wheelen, 2003) This paper will words strategic human resource management in APS Company. The report will ta ke a critical evaluation of the human resource and offer the best dodging to follow.With human resource rising as the primary asset of an organisation, human resources (HR) management are being faced with new challenges to come up with strategic approaches that can add value to the organisations when sourcing for new employees. To address this issue the human resource have to formulated strategies that will add value to an organisation in pursuit of identifying, recruiting, developing and retaining highly talented employees who can take the company to new heights and stick out a competitive advantage to the company (Armstrong, 2006)Recruitment and retentionBeardwell & Holden (1997) states that employee recruitment is very important in an organization. It consists of administration, performance and staffing. All these are interrelated activities that are carried out in an organization. Management and staffing activities divine service in ensuring that employees with make up or de sired skills are recruited. The employees have also to be in the right numbers racket desired by the organization. Employee recruitment aims at ensuring that employees are at the right place at the right time. Human resource manager in this case is concerned with ensuring that employees perform their best. Best recruitment processes crack that the organizations get the best staff that can improve and add value to the company. The human resource has to provide better employment terms to retain employees who are experienced in the organization. This will highly help the restructuring processes. (Beardwell & Holden, 1997)Training and developmentEach employee requires more learning in order to improve his /her skills, no subject how best a candidate is, he/she can not be 100% percent qualified. Thus, the human resource management should implement learning management system (Beardwell & Holden, 1997)In general the human resource management is supposed to come up with training and educa tion programs for its employees. Training can be termed as systematic enhancement of knowledge, skills and attitudes of the needed by an employee in order to perform a given task. schooling is the growth of an employee in terms of capability, understanding and awareness. In an organization training and development is important in order to1. Develop a workforce that can perform higher-grade assignments2.