Was the Poor Law of 1834 Effective Essay Example for Free

Was the Poor Law of 1834 Effective Essay Agree with the three main doctrines. Malthuss principle Ricardos iron law of wages and Benthams doctrine The Act has been described as the classic example of the fundamental Whig-Benthamite reforming legislation of the period, based on three main doctrines: Malthuss principle that population increased faster than resources unless checked, Ricardos iron law of wages and Benthams doctrine that people did what was pleasant, and would tend to claim relief rather than working. http://wapedia. obi/en/Poor_Law_Amendmen†¦ Population increased faster than resources unless checked people do what is pleasant, and would tend to claim relief rather than working . The history of the Poor Law in England and Wales is usually divided between two statutes, the Old Poor Law passed during the reign of Elizabeth I and the New Poor Law, passed in 1834, which significantly modified the existing system of poor relief. The Poor Law system was not formally abolished until the 1948 National Assistance Act, with parts of the law remaining on the statute book until 1967. The Poor Law system fell into decline at the beginning of the 20th century due to several factors, such as introduction of the Liberal welfare reforms and the availability of other sources of assistance from friendly societies and trade unions, as well as piecemeal reforms which bypassed the Poor Law system . Despite these later edicts it is notable that the Poor Law Amendment Act did not ban all forms of outdoor relief. When the new Amendment was applied to the industrial North of England (an area the law had never considered during reviews), the system failed catastrophically as many found themselves temporarily unemployed, due to recessions or a fall in stock demands, so called cyclical unemployment and were reluctant to enter a Workhouse, despite it being the only method of gaining aid. The abuses and shortcomings of the system are documented in the novels of Charles Dickens and Frances Trollope. Despite the aspirations of the reformers, the New Poor Law was unable to make the Workhouse as bad as life outside. The primary problem was that in order to make the diet of the Workhouse inmates less eligible than what they could expect outside, it would be necessary to starve the inmates beyond an acceptable level. It was for this reason that other ways were found to deter entrance to the Workhouses. These measures ranged from the introduction of prison style uniforms to the segregation of inmates into yards – there were normally male, female, boy and girls yards. The Act stated that no able-bodied person was to receive money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhouse. Conditions were to be made harsh to discourage people from claiming. Workhouses were to be built in every parish and if parishes were to small parishes to group together to form Workhouse Unions. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/English_Poo†¦ The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 sometimes abbreviated to PLAA was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed by the Whig government of Lord Melbourne that reformed the countrys poverty relief system. It was an Amendment Act that completely replaced earlier legislation based on the Poor Law of 1601. With reference to this earlier Act the 1834 Act is also known as the New Poor Law. The Amendment Act was called for after an investigation by the 1832 Royal Commission into the Operation of the Poor Laws which included Edwin Chadwick, George Nicholls, John Bird Sumner and Nassau William Senior. The Act has been described as the classic example of the fundamental Whig-Benthamite reforming legislation of the period, based on three main doctrines: Malthuss principle that population increased faster than resources unless checked, Ricardos iron law of wages and Benthams doctrine that people did what was pleasant, and would tend to claim relief rather than working.

war and suffering :: essays research papers

You have discovered one of the most comprehensive on-line collections of speech texts of contemporary American History. Here you can read the speeches and backgrounds of many of the most influential and poignant speakers of the recorded age. To help put each speaker in historical context, we have also provided a brief timeline of historical events. To learn about the speaker and what he or she was talking about, click on the background link. To skip the background and read the text of the speech only, click on the speech link. To listen to an audio sample, click on the audio link, and to watch a short video excerpt, click on the video link. Additional background stories and audio and video links will be added as each episode of Great American Speeches airs on PBS over the next five weeks. Speeches are arranged sequentially by era. To find a particular speech, scroll down through the page, or you can jump to a specific decade by using the 10-year timebar below. 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 - pre 1900 - Former slave Booker T. Washington founds Tuskeegee Institute to educate black Americans, 1881. Supreme Court overturns Civil Rights Act of 1875 which had guaranteed black Americans equal access to public facilities, 1883. Statue of Liberty is dedicated, Oct. 28, 1886. Workers strike at Carnegie steel mills in Homestead, PA; 18 people killed on July 6, 1892. Financial panic leads to bank foreclosures and four-year national economic depression, 1893. Booker T. Washington speaks at The Cotton State Exposition, Atlanta, GA, Sep. 18, 1895. Speech Supreme Court, in Plessy vs. Ferguson, upholds "separate-but-equal" racial segregation policies, 1896. William Jennings Bryan delivers his "Cross of Gold" at the Democratic National Convention, Chicago, Il, Jul. 9, 1896. Background - Speech - Audio - Audio Bourke Cockran, Democratic Congressman, delivers pro-Gold rebuttal, New York, NY, Aug. 18, 1896. Speech Spanish-American War begins, April 22. With victory, U.S. wins control of Puerto Rico, the Phillippines, Guam, and Cuba, Dec. 10, 1898. Three year Philippine insurrection against American rule begins, 1889. - 1900s - Albert J. Beveridge, Indiana Senator, speaks on "The Philippine Question," before Congress, Jan. 9, 1900. Speech William Jennings Bryan accepts Democratic nomination for President and condemns U.S. policy in the Philippines, Indianapolis, IN, Aug. 8, 1900. Speech Mark Twain speaks on the "Defense of General Funston," Princeton, NJ, Feb. war and suffering :: essays research papers You have discovered one of the most comprehensive on-line collections of speech texts of contemporary American History. Here you can read the speeches and backgrounds of many of the most influential and poignant speakers of the recorded age. To help put each speaker in historical context, we have also provided a brief timeline of historical events. To learn about the speaker and what he or she was talking about, click on the background link. To skip the background and read the text of the speech only, click on the speech link. To listen to an audio sample, click on the audio link, and to watch a short video excerpt, click on the video link. Additional background stories and audio and video links will be added as each episode of Great American Speeches airs on PBS over the next five weeks. Speeches are arranged sequentially by era. To find a particular speech, scroll down through the page, or you can jump to a specific decade by using the 10-year timebar below. 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 - pre 1900 - Former slave Booker T. Washington founds Tuskeegee Institute to educate black Americans, 1881. Supreme Court overturns Civil Rights Act of 1875 which had guaranteed black Americans equal access to public facilities, 1883. Statue of Liberty is dedicated, Oct. 28, 1886. Workers strike at Carnegie steel mills in Homestead, PA; 18 people killed on July 6, 1892. Financial panic leads to bank foreclosures and four-year national economic depression, 1893. Booker T. Washington speaks at The Cotton State Exposition, Atlanta, GA, Sep. 18, 1895. Speech Supreme Court, in Plessy vs. Ferguson, upholds "separate-but-equal" racial segregation policies, 1896. William Jennings Bryan delivers his "Cross of Gold" at the Democratic National Convention, Chicago, Il, Jul. 9, 1896. Background - Speech - Audio - Audio Bourke Cockran, Democratic Congressman, delivers pro-Gold rebuttal, New York, NY, Aug. 18, 1896. Speech Spanish-American War begins, April 22. With victory, U.S. wins control of Puerto Rico, the Phillippines, Guam, and Cuba, Dec. 10, 1898. Three year Philippine insurrection against American rule begins, 1889. - 1900s - Albert J. Beveridge, Indiana Senator, speaks on "The Philippine Question," before Congress, Jan. 9, 1900. Speech William Jennings Bryan accepts Democratic nomination for President and condemns U.S. policy in the Philippines, Indianapolis, IN, Aug. 8, 1900. Speech Mark Twain speaks on the "Defense of General Funston," Princeton, NJ, Feb.

Background check of hiring employee Essay

In nowadays, background check of hiring employee is practicing by almost all agencies. Point is that, the skills of the applicant can be, somehow, figured out. It is much more difficult to assess the level of trust, honesty, mental toughness, and loyalty. Reading through chapter 9, and conducting a slight research, my answers to the questions of the given scenario are as follows: 1.Do temporary agencies have a â€Å"duty† to run background checks? If so, did Robert half â€Å"breach that duty?† Why or Why not? According to the law of negligence, temporary agencies should follow the duty policy on background check on pre-employment, in order not to satisfy an element of negligence. In case of Robert Half International Inc., and Fox Associates, Inc., I don’t think, that duty was breached, the company trusted to provided information by Ms. Ross about herself, and she got good recommendations from her former employers. At some extend, it is a background check. 2.The court ruled against Fox Associates. Was the court correct? Do you think Fox should have done its own background check? Why or Why not? I agree with the court decision, that it was determined that duty is not breached, because it happened unknowingly. Even though the company recommended the employee, Fox could do its own background check as well. 3.The fact pattern mentions that Sunbeam suffered similar damages when it failed to do its own background check on Mr. Dunlap, its former CEO. Who was more at fault, Sunbeam or the Executive search agency? In this case, the fault has an Executive search agency more, than Sunbeam, as it its straight duty to check background before approve for hiring. However, Sunbeam is liable for its losses also, because it should request and check the information about hiring employer. 4.Strategically and legally speaking, why do you think the former employers said nothing about Ms. Ross’ history and gave her good recommendations? There could be some reasons: 1). the former employers might feel sympathetic towards Ms. Ross, and they don’t believe that she has stolen any funds; 2) Ms. Ross, indeed a good specialist in her field; and the last 3) The former employers just didn’t tell the truth. 5.Develop one  unique background check policies for your company on employees hired through a search firm or temp agency. The main idea on background check which I’d like to develop, besides gathering information, confirmation of address, criminal records searches, is that pre-employee will answer some â€Å"simple† questions, which will ask him/her the same, but in different manner, and maybe I would add some psychological tests, which will let me know if that employee was capable to do something unethical in his past work experience.

Released from prison Essay

Being released from prison and being free from the blame and the responsibility of a crime that one did not commit is supposed to be happy and relieving. Exonerated prisoners have this fleeting feeling of happiness and relief but after awhile it is replaced by frustration and grief over the lost years of his life as he is trying to rebuild the life and the identity that was taken from him. Because of social stigma placed on people behind bars, these exonerated prisoners are treated much the same as the other convicts. The psychological trauma that they have gone through inside the prison is replaced by the stress that they face when they try to rebuild their lives. Getting out of prison is one thing, living the life outside of prison when you have lived inside one is the more difficult part. Rebuilding his life has been hard for Scott Fappiano as he tells his story of finding it difficult to get identification cards that is needed for him to own his identity once again, and in the longer run give him a job to earn his living. Being an exonerated prisoner, he has no release papers to accompany his inmate ID. This created problems for him as institutions, particularly, the Department of Motor Vehicles, did not acknowledge his inmate ID, Social Security Card and newly issued credit card. The reentry of exonerated prisoners to the society is harder because of the social stigma that is associated with prison. Having a criminal background, though one is innocent and has been proven innocent of the alleged crime, causes people to shun them. This destabilizes the cultural values and norms of the individual causing psychological problems and turning to suicide or substance abuse as an escape from the stigma. This, in turn, makes them prisoners of the marred reputation that they have. The interaction and relationship between the individual and the society is based on the shared values and meanings placed on these values. This signifies that the social relationship of individuals and the different institutions of the society have different implications in the behavior and perspective of the individual and the society. Because of being institutionalized, living in a world in which there is no individuality and identity, the exonerated prisoners have stunted personal and social development. When they come out of prison, their values significantly change, thus, changing their perspectives and relationships with other people. The social stigma that is attached on their identities is difficult to erase and there is a need to counsel these individuals on social relationships outside of prison. This will ultimately prevent them from turning into what they have been exonerated from or committing other criminal acts or turning into substance abuse or suicide. Since socialization is the best way to reinforce behavior, it is important that these individuals be treated with the same respect and value as other individuals who have not been in prison. This will allow the exonerated prisoner time to adjust to his new environment. Within prison, they should have been prepared for their re-entry to the society, whether or not they will be able to get out. This will maintain social order and avoid deviance when they come out of prison since the destabilization of their identities and beliefs will go from being in an institution to becoming free men.

Free Essays on The Cask of Amontillado

A Premeditated Revenge In Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å" The Cask of Amontillado†, Montresor seeks revenge on Fortunato. Montresor had premeditated to murder Fortunato in his vault. There are three obvious reasons why his plan of revenge worked which consist of Fortunato’s friendship with Montresor, Fortunato’s pride on his connoisseurship in wine, and also Fortunato’s drunken state when Montresor came to him for help. The first reason his plan of revenge worked was Fortunato’s friendship with Montresor. From the tone of the story, one could conclude that the two men had been friends for countless years and Montresor had tolerated Fortunato until Fortunato insulted Montresor. For example, Poe’s first sentence states, â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventures upon insult I vowed revenge† (173). Although Montresor had been upset by the insult, he did not reveal it to Fortunato and pretended to remain friends. On numerous occasions, Montresor referred to Fortunato as â€Å"my friend†. Montresor also alludes to the fact the Fortunato’s health is a concern and tries to stop Fortunato from going to the vaults, knowing the Fortunato would still go reguardless of his health. About his horrific cough, Fortunato even replies, â€Å"It is nothing† (174). This proves that Fortunato would sacrifice his health for Montreso r thinking there was a friendship. The next reason that Montresor was successful was because Fortunato prided himself on his connoisseurship in wine. Fortunato perceived himself as the most excellent and always seemed willing to taste wine to see if it had a splendid quality. Montresor again continued with his charade and said,† As you are engaged, I am on my way Luchesi. If anyone has a critical turn it is he. He will tell me-â€Å" (174). Fortunato interrupted him and alleged,†Luchesi cannot tell Amontillado for Sherry†(174). Fortunato did not want anyone to think that the... Free Essays on The Cask of Amontillado Free Essays on The Cask of Amontillado A Premeditated Revenge In Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å" The Cask of Amontillado†, Montresor seeks revenge on Fortunato. Montresor had premeditated to murder Fortunato in his vault. There are three obvious reasons why his plan of revenge worked which consist of Fortunato’s friendship with Montresor, Fortunato’s pride on his connoisseurship in wine, and also Fortunato’s drunken state when Montresor came to him for help. The first reason his plan of revenge worked was Fortunato’s friendship with Montresor. From the tone of the story, one could conclude that the two men had been friends for countless years and Montresor had tolerated Fortunato until Fortunato insulted Montresor. For example, Poe’s first sentence states, â€Å"The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I best could, but when he ventures upon insult I vowed revenge† (173). Although Montresor had been upset by the insult, he did not reveal it to Fortunato and pretended to remain friends. On numerous occasions, Montresor referred to Fortunato as â€Å"my friend†. Montresor also alludes to the fact the Fortunato’s health is a concern and tries to stop Fortunato from going to the vaults, knowing the Fortunato would still go reguardless of his health. About his horrific cough, Fortunato even replies, â€Å"It is nothing† (174). This proves that Fortunato would sacrifice his health for Montreso r thinking there was a friendship. The next reason that Montresor was successful was because Fortunato prided himself on his connoisseurship in wine. Fortunato perceived himself as the most excellent and always seemed willing to taste wine to see if it had a splendid quality. Montresor again continued with his charade and said,† As you are engaged, I am on my way Luchesi. If anyone has a critical turn it is he. He will tell me-â€Å" (174). Fortunato interrupted him and alleged,†Luchesi cannot tell Amontillado for Sherry†(174). Fortunato did not want anyone to think that the...

List of the Ten Least Visited National Parks

List of the Ten Least Visited National Parks The United States is home to 58 different national parks and over 300 units or areas such as national monuments and national seashores that are protected by the National Park Service. The first national park to come into existence in the U.S. was Yellowstone (located in Idaho, Montana and Wyoming) on March 1, 1872. Today, it is one of the most visited parks in the country. Other popular parks in the U.S. include Yosemite in California, the Grand Canyon in Arizona and the Great Smoky Mountains in Tennessee and North Carolina.Each of these parks sees millions of visitors each year. There are many other national parks in the U.S. however that receive far fewer annual visitors. The following is a list of the ten least visited national parks through August 2009. The list is arranged by the number of visitors in that year and begins with the least visited park in the U.S. Information was obtained from the Los Angeles Times article, Americas Hidden Gems: The 20-Least Crowded National Parks in 2009.1) Kobuk Valley National ParkNumber of Visitors: 1,250Location: Alaska2) National Park of American SamoaNumber of Visitors: 2,412Location: American Samoa3) Lake Clark National Park and PreserveNumber of Visitors: 4,134Location: Alaska4) Katmai National Park and PreserveNumber of Visitors: 4,535Location: Alaska5) Gates of the Arctic National Park and PreserveNumber of Visitors: 9,257Location: Alaska6) Isle Royale National ParkNumber of Visitors: 12,691Location: Michigan7) North Cascades National ParkNumber of Visitors: 13,759Location: Washington8) Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and PreserveNumber of Visitors: 53,274Location: Alaska9) Great Basin National ParkNumber of Visitors: 60,248Location: Nevada10) Congaree National ParkNumber of Visitors: 63,068Location: South CarolinaTo learn more about national parks, visit the official website of the National Park Service. References Ramos, Kelsey. (n.d.). Americas Hidden Gems: The 20 Least Crowded National Parks in 2009. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from: latimes.com/travel/la-tr-national-parks-least-visited-pg,0,1882660.photogallery

Monitoring appropriate systems to improve organizational performance Coursework

Monitoring appropriate systems to improve organizational performance. (Answer 4 questions) - Coursework Example A Balanced Scorecard can be used for this purpose as it involves not only financial aspects of the business but also encompasses customer and internal business processes.2 The Balanced Scorecard which the company shall use is depicted below. A culture of quality can be developed in an organization if there is smooth internal communication between the employees.3 There need to be other features such as internal feedback as depicted by the Deming’s view of a system given below4. As shown in the figure above feedback to suppliers and employees is vitally important. It is equally important to seek out customer feedback and opinion through Market research and surveys.5 Russian Fitness Centre will employ this framework and perform all its functions with complete transparency. As far as internal structure is concerned the following figure depicts the flow of information and feedback in the Russian Fitness Centre. It has been shown above that the Russian Fitness Center would use Balanced Scorecard to monitor its standards of service. But one of the disadvantages of a Balanced Scorecard is that it focuses on specific parts of the business. This gap can be filled by employing TQM (Total Quality Management).6 TQM is a quality control technique pioneered by Japanese Automobile companies such as Toyota. It focuses on improving every part of the business and hence making a complete change in the overall structure of an organization.7 As far as Russian Fitness Center is concerned there will have to be a few changes in the various processes. There has to be a proper integration of the ‘front line’ staff such as the customer service assistants and the managers. This linking will help the management in being aware of the issues that are raised by customers. For example a customer may complain about lack of certain equipment in the fitness center. Usually these kinds of complaints go unnoticed unless the customer